【新唐人2014年10月07日訊】前不久，一份《農村老年人自殺的社會學研究》發現，中國大陸農村老年人自殺現象，「已經嚴重到觸目驚心的地步」。報告顯示，很多老人自殺，除了生存艱難、疾病纏身以外，還因為缺乏親情。分析認為，這是中共專制下農村戶籍制度所衍生的惡果。
9月23號，中國首部老齡產業藍皮書——「中國老齡產業發展報告（2014）」發佈。這份由中國老齡科學研究中心編寫的報告指出，大陸已經處於高齡社會初期，到2050年，中國老人將達到4.8億，佔世界老年人口的1/4。
另外，中國《半月談》雜誌新近發表的《農村老年人自殺的社會學研究》也表示，研究發現，農村老人自殺現象「已經嚴重到觸目驚心的地步」。
例如，在老齡化程度高達28%的江蘇省如東縣，六七十歲的老人，絕大多數還在打零工、做家務，他們渴望兒孫在身邊，可現實中各種因素，不少老人卻住進了養老院。他們在那裏只是「活著」，沒有親情、沒有友情，甚至沒有任何感情交流。
武漢人權活動家秦永敏表示，不僅是農村老人自殺現象嚴重，整個農村比較貧困落後地方，都存在深層的問題，基本都很難得到妥善的解決。
武漢人權活動家秦永敏：「很多年來常常都有七八十歲的老人，還在為了生存從事各種繁重的體力勞動，或者是流浪到城裡去進行像撿破爛，賣菜啊，甚至乞討這樣來維持生活。幾十年來，這個國家對農村、農業、農民的政策都非常殘酷，所有政策的制定，總是從政府利益最大化，官員利益最大化的角度考慮。」
最初中共實行的農村戶口制，把農村人死死的定在農田裡，每個人都必須終身在農村勞作。秦永敏說，改革開放以後，最初土地不值錢時，當局就大量忽視農村土地問題。
秦永敏：「現在土地升值了，那麼就又回（過）頭來，千方百計把農民的土地收去，官方用它來維持財政。與此同時，農民家庭結構現在也發生了很大的變化，一般來說，現在年輕人，中壯年人基本上都不可能再用從事農業活動來維持生計，所以就大量的逃往城市。」
原《陝西電視臺》記者馬曉明說，農民賴以生存的土地被強徵強佔之後，許多農民的生活出現了問題，所以青壯年人都到城市打工去了，只剩下老弱病殘的還留在農村。
原《陝西電視臺》記者馬曉明：「現在子女、親近的人都出去打工了，農忙的時候有時才能回來一下，有時候只有過年過節才能回來，甚至過幾個年節才能回來一次。農村的老年人應該受到的生活照顧和社會的醫療等等，這種關照太少，所以就會出現老人自殺嚴重。」
《農村老年人自殺的社會學研究》項目，由武漢大學社會學系講師劉燕舞主持。劉燕舞6年來，通過對大陸11個省份、40多個村莊的農村老人自殺現象進行調研後發現，從1990年開始，中國農村老年人自殺率大幅上升，並保持在高位。
2008年，劉燕舞的研究團隊在湖北省京山縣調研，老人自殺在當地被視作正常、合理的事。在各村去世的老人中，自殺率高達30%以上。
秦永敏：「現在這裡頭既涉及家庭問題，也涉及社會問題，從社會層面來說，長久以來，國家政策對農村、農民、農業幾乎都一直是只取不予，現在再加上家庭空巢化，只是老人在家裏，他們作為一個沒有未來的群體，現狀就那樣艱難，因此選擇自殺。」
秦永敏表示，在中共現行體制下，要想解決農村老人自殺問題非常困難，即使解決了養老和醫療問題，也無法解決年輕人辛苦勞作卻難以達到溫飽，而不得不出外打工的問題。
採訪編輯/李韻 後製/李智遠
Alarming Elderly Suicides in Rural China
A recent sociological study on elderly suicides in China found
rates are too phenomenal to ignore.
The report showed causes are mainly due to tough life, sickness,
and lack of family care.
Analysts believe this is a bitter consequence of the rural
household registration system under the Communist regime.
The first bluebook on causes of ageing:
‘China Report on the Development of Ageing 2014’ was
released on Sept. 23.
This report was conducted by China Research Center on Ageing.
It suggested that by 2050, there will be 480 million elderly
Chinese, accounting for a quarter of the world’s elderly population.
Also, a sociological study on suicides among older people
in rural China also found that suicide rates
have reached an alarming level.
For example, up to 28% of the population in Rudong County,
Jiangsu Province, are elderly.
The majority of those who are in their 60s or 70s are still
doing odd jobs and house chores.
They long for the company of their children and grandchildren.
But many of them are admitted to nursing homes where they
are kept alive, but with no family, friends or any emotional exchange.
Wuhan human rights activist Qin Yongmin indicates that
in the rural areas, it is not just the serious elderly suicide issue
but also many deeper problems hard to resolve.
Qin Yongmin: “For many years, these people of 70 to 80 are
still carrying out a variety of hard physical jobs just to survive.
Some of them even wander into town to be waste pickers
or produce sellers. Some even become beggars to survive.
For several decades, this country has had a very harsh policy
towards the rural areas, agriculture and peasants.
The policy was pro-government benefit and pro-official benefit."
The Communist rural registration system had initially tightly
bound rural people to the farms.
They had to stay as peasant laborers in the countryside.
Qin Yongmin says that after the reform and opening up,
the land was initially worthless, so the regime had ignored
a large number of rural land issues.
Qin Yongmin: “Now the land appreciates, they come back
to take the land away from the farmers.
The authorities use the land to maintain the local finances.
Meanwhile, the family structure has undergone great changes
in the rural areas.
In general, the younger generations no longer rely on
agricultural activities for their livelihoods and many of them
fled to the city."
Former Shaanxi TV reporter Ma Xiaoming explains that after
the land was usurped, many farmers encountered problems
of survival. The young people have to work in cities,
leaving only the old and sick ones in the countryside.
Ma Xiaoming: “The young ones are gone and only return home
during harvest time, or the New Year and or even only
once every several years.
The elderly could not get proper care and medical attention.
That’s why the suicide rates are getting serious."
The sociological study of rural elderly suicide was
conducted by Liu Yanwu, lecturer at the Department of Sociology,
Wuhan University.
For 6 years, the survey investigated elderly suicides
in 11 provinces and more than 40 villages.
It found that since 1990, China’s rural elderly suicide rate has
increased significantly, and remained high.
In 2008, Liu Yanwu’s research team found elderly suicides
in Jingshan County, Hubei Province, were regarded as
reasonably normal in the locality. Among the elderly deaths,
the suicide rate was as high as 30%.
Qin Yongmin: “It involves problems of both the family
and wider social issues.
From the social perspective, the national policy for rural areas,
farmers and agriculture has always been to get but not to give.
The empty nest syndrome has kept the elderly alone.
As a group with no future and a very difficult status quo,
they choose to commit suicide."
Qin Yongmin indicates that under the current Communist regime,
it is very difficult to solve the problem of suicide among
the elderly in rural areas.
Even if the pension and medical problems are resolved,
it can not solve the hardships young people are experiencing
even if they work hard locally.
They still have to go out to work as migrants.
Interview & Edit/LiYun Post-Production/Li Zhiyuan
