【新唐人2015年01月13日讯】中国大陆因为拥有众多国际品牌的代工厂，而被称为“世界工厂”。但由于近年来大陆整体经济低迷和生产成本上升等原因，这些企业面临的压力越来越大。就在去年年底，苏州两家大型工厂相继停产或倒闭，造成大批工人失业。下面就让我们来看看专家的分析。
2014年12月5号，大陆知名手机零部件代工厂——苏州联建科技宣布倒闭。此前不久，位于苏州胥口镇的另一家大厂——诺基亚手机零部件供应商闳晖科技，也宣布关门停产，并遣散了大部分员工。
对此，中国产业经济观察家芮宇文表示，代工厂的倒闭主要是因为近年来人力成本、房屋租金、土地成本、交通物流等成本不断增加，使企业经营负担加重、利润空间变小。此外，代工企业的经营利润本身就比较低，在外界经济形势不太好、订单不足的情况下，企业就很难保证利润。
中国产业经济观察家芮宇文：“到现在为止，有一部分品牌商会把自己的订单转移到东南亚，一些生产成本更低的地方。”
芮宇文谈到，目前中国东南沿海地带、珠江三角洲、长江三角洲等地区的生产成本不断升高，于是一批品牌商，就把订单转向成本更低廉的，大陆中西部内陆省份﹔也有一些企业，通过引进自动化程度更高的设备，来节省人力成本。
北京国情内参首席研究员巩胜利，则分析了代加工企业危机的大背景和深层因素。巩胜利认为，中国现在正面临从未遇到过的通货紧缩局面，这将波及所有产业。除此之外，人民币的货币使用成本，与美元的使用成本相差大概20多倍，这造成了最源头的成本差异。
北京国情内参首席研究员巩胜利：“货币的成本置高了，它的产业所有的产出利润都被摊薄了。”
大陆《华夏时报》报导，闳晖科技是台湾上市公司闳晖实业下属企业，主要生产手机和汽车部件，最多时有一万多名员工，去年11月份已经完全停产。数据显示，公司去年前三季度税后亏损，高达12.65亿元新台币，约合人民币2.5亿元。
《华夏时报》披露，去年10月份，仅在广东东莞地区，就有包括台湾兴鸿鞋厂在内的十多家大型代工企业破产。
大陆企业观察员何军樵：“我认为这种危机面还会扩大。第一出口方面现在已经非常不好，大家都知道的。然后生产成本费用在不断的翻升，这也是事实。以及其他的管理成本和税费成本，这些成本加在一起的话，这种低端工厂真的是很难维持。”
大陆企业观察员何军樵还谈到，大陆的金融秩序比较混乱，很多企业家利用工厂贷款，套取银行资金去炒股炒楼，最后导致资金链断裂。
何军樵：“整个经济面是非常差的，这种工厂还会倒很多的。在中国目前做实业的是越来越少，玩金融的是越来越多。因为做实业非常的辛苦，也赚不到什么钱，风险又很大。”
联建科技是台湾胜华科技旗下子公司，曾经是苹果公司手机屏幕供应商，也与北京小米科技有过几年合作。联建科技鼎盛时有员工两万多人，但到了2014年，公司经营每况愈下，倒闭前只有3000多名员工。
据报导，工厂去年12月5号宣布关闭后，失业工人对补偿方案不满，当天有大约2000多人聚集到工厂门口抗议并上访。后来公司提高了补偿标准，事件才得以平息。
采访/易如 编辑/李谦 后制/舒灿
Closure of Two Foundry Plants Aggravates the Crisis
of Manufacture Outsources in China
Known by many as “the factory of the world", Mainland China
is re-known for its numerous factories.
However, these enterprises are facing increasing pressure
in terms of the overall economic downturn and rising
production costs in China in recent years.
Just at the end of last year, two large foundry factories
in Suzhou City were closed down,
resulting in a large number of workers unemployed.
Let’s take a look at the analysis from the experts.
On Dec. 5, 2014, well-known mainland mobile phone parts
enterprise – Suzhou Lianjian Technology,
declared bankruptcy.
Not long before, Hong Hui Technology also announced
the closure of its plant, laying off most of its employees
Hong Hui is located in Xukou Town of Suzhou City
and is a huge supplier of Nokia mobile phone parts.
In response to the incident, China’s industrial economy
watcher Rui Yuwen said,
the foundry factory closures in recent years,
are mainly due to the increase in labor costs,
rents, land costs, and logistic costs,
which then aggravates the business burden and narrows
the profit margins.
In addition, the operating profits of foundry enterprises
are relatively low.
Under the circumstance of a downturn, external economic
conditions and insufficient orders,
creates difficulty for these enterprises to make a profit and remain
viable within economic interests.
Rui Yuwen: “Until now, some brands transfer their orders to the
factories in Southeast Asia,
where lower costs in production exist."
Rui Yuwen believes that the current production costs
in Southeastern China’s coastal areas, the Pearl River Delta,
Yangtze River Delta and other regions, continue to rise,
so a number of brands transfer their orders
to cheaper western inland provinces of Mainland China;
Some companies attempt to save labor costs
through introducing a higher degree
of automation equipment.
Gong Shengli is Chief Researcher of Beijing State Condition
Internal Reference,
he analyses the macro background and deep-level reasons
of crisis of foundry factories in Mainland China.
Gong Shengli believes that China is now facing an
unprecedented deflation situation, and this will affect all industries.
In addition, the costs of using RMB as a currency,
are about 20 times that of the US dollar,
which is the origin of the cost difference.
Gong Shengli: “The cost of money is set high, and hence
all other industrial profits are diluted."
Mainland “China Times" reported that Hong Hui Technology
is affiliated with Taiwan’s public listed Silitech Company,
and mainly produces mobile phones and car parts, having
up to more than 10,000 employees,
Hong Hui Technology was closed down last November.
It is reported that during the first three quarters of last year,
the company’s after-tax loss, reached up to
250 million RMB (US$ 40 million).
“China Times" revealed that in last October, just in Dongguan
of Guangdong Province,
more than a dozen major footwear manufacturing enterprises
including Taiwan-Che-hung Footwear Factory, went bankrupt.
He Junqiao, observer of enterprises in Mainland China:
“I think such crisis will expand.
Because, at first, the exports now are very bad, as we all know.
Second, the cost of production is constantly escalating,
and this is a fact as well.
Then other administrative costs and tax costs are added
together, and this is really hard
to maintain at the low end of the factory’s abilities."
He Junqiao also said that the financial order
in China was chaotic.
Many entrepreneurs took advantage of the enterprise loan
to lever bank funds, investing in the stocks and properties
for speculation, finally this led to breaks in the fund chain.
He Junqiao: “The whole economy is in a very poor situation,
and a large number of such plants will be closed down.
In China, less and less enterprises are currently
going to engage in industries,
but more and more enterprises are becoming
involved in financial investments.
Because it is very difficult engaging in industry production,
such enterprises are unable to make much profit
but comes with a high risk."
Lianjian Technology is a subsidiary of Taiwan’s Wintek Company,
which is Apple’s mobile phone screen supplier.
It cooperated with Beijing Xiaomi Technology
for quite a few years.
Lianjian Technology had 20,000 workers inits heyday,
but by 2014, the company operated from bad to worse,
it had only more than 3,000 employees
just before its collapse.
According to the new reports, when the plant announced
its closure on Dec. 5 of last year, the unemployed workers
were dissatisfied with the compensation scheme.
About 2,000 workers gathered to protest and appeal
at the factory’s gates .
Later, the company increased its compensation standards,
and the event ended peacefully.
Interview/YiRu Edit/LiQian Post-Production/ShuCan
