【新唐人2013年01月01日讯】大陆的教育部要求各地政府2012年底前，出台“放宽外地务工人员子女异地高考”的规定。截至12月30号，媒体公布了14个省市的异地高考政策。令民众失望的是，与其他多数省份相比，北京、上海、广东的门槛高、要求严苛。
据统计，中国大陆进城务工人员接近3亿，随迁子女数量超过1500万。但由于不合理的户籍制度、福利歧视等原因，使得长期以来，他们在务工城市的医疗、社保和居住，面临巨大困境，尤其农民工子女教育、参加高考等问题日益迫切。
山东大学退休教授孙文广：“高考本来是各地公平、公正的，但是现在歧视中小城市、歧视农村，制定了很不合理的录取办法。”
深圳老师：“这个根本就不平等的，中国教育本来就不平等。农村和城市本来就差别很大。”
2012年9月，中共国务院办公厅发出文件，要求各地出台异地高考的具体政策，于是，在数亿农民工的期待下，直到官方限定的最后一天，包括北京、上海、广东在内的14个省市，才将具体方案公诸于众。
然而，北京和广东采取的是过渡方案，而上海则将异地高考与居住证制度挂钩，随迁子女仍然不能与本地生享受同等的待遇，而且所谓过渡方案真正实行起来困难重重、遥遥无期。
深圳老师：“异地高考好像政策已经出台了，但真正能够实行的还很少。 他肯定会设高的门槛，就是有这个（异地高考）政策，他也会把门槛设的很高。”
北京过渡方案规定，“从2013年起，凡进城务工人员持有有效北京市居住证明，有合法稳定的住所，合法稳定职业已满3年，在京连续缴纳社会保险已满3年，随迁子女具有本市学籍且已在京连续就读初中3年学习年限的，可以参加北京市中职考试录取。”“2014年起，父母在北京工作6年以上，随迁子女可在北京参加高职考试。”
而对于大学本科部分放开录取的时间表，却只字不提。
上海规定，持居住证A证的人员子女按照规定可在上海参加中高考。而外来人员如想办理A证，需要在上海有合法稳定职业和住所、参加上海市社会保险、且积分达到规定分值。此外，务工人员子女还要在上海市拥有高中三年完整学习经历，才可参加高考。
据报导，黑龙江、辽宁、重庆三地除要求考生具有高中阶段完整学籍外，还提出“父母有合法稳定职业、合法稳定住所”的条件。吉林则在上述条件之外，还要求提供父母在当地三年以上的社保缴纳证明。
很多农民工连社保费用都缴纳不起，甚至随迁子女连幼儿园也读不起，因此，能满足上述规定者寥寥无几，这些省份所谓的异地高考政策也就成了“有政策，无落实”。
深圳老师：“对于普通底层老百姓来说，这个还是没有什么用处的。 要普通打工的，谁在一个城市交社保多少年，或者有房产，这个还是做不到的。”
江苏学生家长：“这个国家就这样，有些事情也是没办法的，在国内毕竟是谁掌权就谁得利，也没办法的，拼爹时代就是这个样子，就是为有钱、有权的人预备的，没有平等、没有人权。”
正如一位农民工的疑问一样：“维护我们权益的文件天天出，可我们的生活为什么一点也没改变？”
孙文广：“ 我觉得当局到现在没有认识自己的错误，还是继续延续错误的招生办法， 还要找各种的理由来拖延。”
大陆教育学者指出，目前中国国情很难真正实现异地高考。高教资源的不均、户籍制度的牵绊、生源利益难调、地方保护政策等等，都是实施异地高考政策的巨大牵绊。各地政府完全可以用设置高门槛的方式，使异地高考形同虚设，从而保护自身利益。
采访/陈汉 编辑/张天宇 后制/萧宇
New School Policy for Migrant Workers Children
Mainland China’s Ministry of Education has published
new school requirements for local governments.
They are to introduce relaxed prerequisites
for children of migrant workers before the end of 2012.
On December 30, the media announced 14 provinces and
cities with new off-site college entrance examination policy.
People are unhappy that Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong
have higher requirements and tougher demands compared to most of the other provinces.
Statistics show, nearly 300 million Chinese migrant workers,
including over 15 million children, are discriminated against,
due to the poor household registration and welfare systems.
Workers’ health care, social security and life in the cities
face huge hardships, particularly their children’s education.
Thus, college entrance’ examinations and other problems
have become increasingly pressing.
Sun Wenguang, a retired professor of Shandong University:
“The college entrance exam should be fair and just.
Yet, discrimination against small and medium-sized cities,
and rural areas result in unreasonable ways of admission.”
Shenzhen teacher: “This is basically unfair.
Chinese education has been unfair.
It is supposed to be very different
between cities and rural areas."
In September 2012, the State Council’ General Office issued
a specific policy on the off-site college entrance examination.
Expecting hundreds of millions of migrant workers, officials
published specific legislation for 14 provinces and cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong.
Beijing and Guangdong will take the “transition program,"
while Shanghai will combine off-site college entrance exam with the residence permit system.
Thus Shanghai migrants’ children still cannot enjoy
an equal treatment as the local students.
Even the so-called “transition program"
is very difficult to implement.
Shenzhen teacher: “The off-site college entrance exam policy
has been introduced, but very few can really implement it.
They will set high threshold for sure,
even with this policy.”
Beijing’s transition program states that, “Starting from 2013,
if migrant workers have a proof of Beijing residence,
have a legitimate and stable living quarter,
with a legitimate and stable job for three full years,
and paid fees to Beijing’s social security for three years,
their children can be admitted for Beijing’ vocational exam,
after completing three years of junior high school in Beijing.”
The program continues, “Staring from 2014, when parents
have worked in Beijing for more than six years,
their children can participate in the
Beijing Vocational examinations.”
Not a word has been mentioned
about the college exam and a time table.
Shanghai’s regulations require residents to have permit A,
so their children can participate in college entrance exams.
Residents from other provinces need to have a legitimate,
stable job, Shanghai’ residence, etc., to apply for permit A.
Plus, migrant workers’ children must complete three years
of senior high school in Shanghai before sitting the exam.
According to reports, Heilongjiang, Liaoning,
and Chongqing have similar prerequisites.
In Jilin Province, in addition to the above parents must have
paid fees to the local social security for over three years.
Many migrant workers cannot afford to pay social security,
and their children cannot afford to attend kindergartens.
Thus very few can meet the above requirements.
In such provinces the so-called off-site college entrance
policy is only a policy, which will not be implemented.
Shenzhen teacher: “For ordinary people, this policy is useless.
Ordinary workers cannot afford to pay into the social
security system, or to own a house. That is impossible.”
Jiangsu parents: “In this country, some things will never
change: whoever comes to power will gain the wealth.
It is always like this. This country is for the rich, by the rich,
and of the rich. There is no fairness and no human rights.”
Migrant worker: “Documents in favor of our interests
appear day in and day out, but our lives remain the same.”
Sun Wenguang: “I think that so far authorities fail
to recognize their own mistakes or errors,
and continue to follow the enrollment procedures,
or find a different reason to delay the policy."
Mainland scholars point out that in China is very difficult
to truly have an off-site college entrance examination.
Implementing such an off-site college entrance policy
faces many obstacles.
Like the inequality of resources for higher education,
the cumbersome household registration system,
the revenues’ and interests’ difficulties,
and the local protection policies.
In order to protect their own interests, local governments
can set a high threshold for off-site college entrance exams, and make the policy worthless.
