【新唐人2014年09月10日訊】位於內蒙古和寧夏接壤之處的騰格里沙漠，是中國第四大沙漠，原本擁有著豐富的地下水資源，和多種國家級重點保護植物，是當地牧民的主要集居地。但是現在，祖祖輩輩靠這片沙漠養育的人們正在相繼逃離，取而代之的是一片片密集林立的化工廠和數個散發著令人窒息的刺鼻惡臭氣味的巨型污水池。
「騰格里」在蒙古語的意思是「天」，用以描述沙漠「像天一樣浩渺無際」。但很難想像，眼前這片巨大的「人工沼澤」，就是昔日美麗的騰格里沙漠。
近年來，騰格里沙漠腹地建起了內蒙古騰格里工業園和寧夏中衛工業園區，引入了大量化工企業。然而這些被當地政府稱為「創造沙漠工業奇蹟的功臣」，每天源源不斷的將沒有處理且嚴重超標的含強酸化工廢水，直接排到了沙漠中，同時瘋狂的開採著附近牧民賴以生存的地下水用於生產，致使騰格里沙漠陷入了生態環境破壞與水源緊缺的雙重危機。
而騰格里沙漠中一片片的「黑色沼澤」，就是這些企業的排污池，被美其名曰叫「污水處理設施」。據《新京報》記者向當地牧民了解到，化工企業將沒有經過處理的廢水排入後，經過自然蒸發，將沉澱下來的粘稠沉澱物用鏟車剷除，直接埋在沙漠裡面。這些排污池整天散發著刺鼻的惡臭，令人窒息。有些企業甚至連所謂的「污水處理池」都懶的建，直接將化工廢水通過插入沙土的橡膠管，非法注入沙漠，造成了極為嚴重的污染及危害。
民間水專家「樂水行」發起人張俊峰：「沙漠屬於透水性極強的這樣一個地質環境，這樣，它所埋的任何東西，哪怕它是蒸發到空氣中去，但是到了空氣之中，它還是會通過大氣的作用，會回到整個自然循環體系裡面來。它不僅對水造成很多污染，它對空氣也會有污染。隨著降雨或者其他水氣運動，它還會回到地面裡面來。不光是對當地，對整個生態環境都會有很大的影響。」
此外，專家還指出，由於騰格里工業園區化工廢水向地下滲透，已經污染到了與工業園接壤的寧夏中衛市的地下飲用水。
《法制日報》去年曾報導，據北京有資質的檢測機構化驗結果顯示，在距離騰格里工業園區2公里左右地區，牧民的飲用水中所含致癌物質苯酚，超過國家標準410倍，此外，在這個飲用水樣本中還檢測出菌落總數、總大腸菌群以及硫化物均超標。
更為嚴重的是，流經騰格里沙漠東南邊緣的黃河水質，也受到了污染的威脅。
張俊峰：「它（化工污水）滲透下去的話，進入到地下水體裡面，地下水體肯定會混合到其他的水體裡面，在露頭的地方就流入到其他的河流裡面。而河流一旦流動起來的話，會把這些物質雖然是擴散吧，但是也會攜帶到各個地方。而且下游不遠地方，就應該是蘭州和其他城市的蓄水口，所以這種影響肯定是長期的。」
也有很多網民擔心，被化工污染的沙塵，會隨著狂風吹向更多的地方，造成更大面積的威脅。
環境污染專家、北京天則經濟研究所國際部主任王軍：「如果那個沙子有毒，那就非常糟糕了，它對人傷害會更大，毫無疑問。有些化學殘留物到了我們眼睛裡，到我們的鼻子裡，進入我們肺、呼吸系統，那些毒素就會被釋放出來，那個影響就……雖然很緩慢，雖然是很個別的，但是我相信這個影響是存在的。」
其實，早在2010年，就曾有媒體對騰格里沙漠污染狀況進行過曝光，在此後的四年間，也有多家媒體先後對此進行了報導，但當局往往用一句「可能監管不到位」作為答復，就再沒有了下文。
旅美中國環保作家何哲：「因為它這個項目對地方財政收入、稅收有直接的好處。它停下來，財政收入、稅收全部減少。當然它就是政府沒錢了，所以它要保護這些企業，因為利益是一致的。」
王軍：「它們雖然表面說，我們要堅決保護環境，但是內地裡它根本不是這樣想的，它說不定還會通風報信，給你做一些掩護。這個在中國是很普遍的，不是這麼一家企業，環保局和污染企業往往是一家的。」
騰格爾沙漠的巨型排污池近期再次被曝光後，受到了社會強烈關注，網絡上充滿了對無良黑心企業的唾罵、對官商勾結的痛斥、對政府不作為的不滿，但更多的，是對子孫後代的擔憂！
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/李勇
Giant Dirty Marsh Emerging in Desert: Pollution Diffuses Westward
Located on the border area of Inner Mongolia and Ningxia
Automous Region, Tengger Desert is the fourth largest desert
of China, which originally had a wealth of underground water
resources and a variety of national key protected plants.
It is a major residential area of local herdsmen.
But now, people whose ancestral generations have been
raised by this desert have had to flee, and the desert is being
replaced by a piece of dense forest of chemical factories
with several giant cesspools exuding a pungent stench
and suffocating odor.
“Tengger" means “sky" in Mongolian and describes
the desert “as vast and boundless as the sky."
But it is hard to imagine such a huge “artificial marsh"
was once the beautiful Tengger Desert.
In recent years, the inner area of Tengger Desert has been
developed with Inner Mongolia Tengger Industrial Park
and Ningxia Zhongwei Industrial Park, both of which
attracted a large number of chemical companies.
However, the local government states that these, “heroic
companies have created an industrial miracle of the desert."
A daily steady stream of unprocessed chemical wastewater
containing acids is released directly into the desert.
While for the sake of industrial production these companies
have frantically extracted the underground water in which
the nearby herdsman live.
Such a status has resulted in the ecological damage
and water shortage double crisis of Tengger Desert.
Many patches of “Black Swamps" in the Tengger Desert
are discharged sewage pools, which were euphemistically
labelled, “sewage treatment facilities."
According to a Beijing News reporter who inquired with
the local herders, the chemical companies discharged
untreated wastewater into the sewage pools.
Then through natural evaporation, the thick sediment
was eradicated by forklifts and directly buried in the desert.
These sewage pools exude a pungent stench
and suffocating odor all day.
Some companies don’t even want to build so-called
“sewage treatment pools," and directly discharge
the chemical wastewater into the sand
via rubber tubes.
Such illegal injections into the desert cause
very serious pollution and other hazards.
Water expert Zhang Junfeng is the sponsor
of the “water pleasing tour."
He said, “The desert belongs to such a highly permeable
geological environment, so anything buried in it
will be kept in the system.
Even if it evaporates into the air, it still returns to the natural
circulation system through ambient movement.
This not only causes serious water pollution,
but also an air pollution.
As along with rain or other moisture movements,
the polluted substances still return to the ground.
This not only has a great impact on the local environment,
but also the entire ecosystem."
In addition, experts also pointed out that because
the chemical wastewater discharged from Tengger Industrial
Park infiltrate into the underground, this has contaminated
the underground drinking water of Zhongwei City in Ningxia,
which borders the Industrial Park.
Legal Daily reported last year that a qualified testing
organization in Beijing found that in the region about 2 km
from the Tengger Industrial Park, herders’ drinking water
contained carcinogen phenol 410 times more
than the national standard.
In addition, in the drinking water samples,
the total bacterial count, total coliforms
and sulfides were also detected
to be beyond the standard values.
More seriously, the Yellow River water flowing through
the southeast edge of Tengger Desert has also been
threatened by the pollution.
Zhang Junfeng: “if it (chemical sewage) penetrates into
the underground water bodies, underground water bodies
will be certainly mixed into other water bodies,
in some certain outlets where it flows into other rivers.
Once the rivers flow together, pollutants will be diffused
to various places.
Furthermore, not long to its downstream, there are gates
which retain drinking water for Lanzhou City and other cities.
So this definitely has a long-term impact."
Many Internet users worry that the contaminated chemical
dust will be blown by wild winds to surrounding areas.
This poses a threat to a larger area.
Environmental pollution expert Mr. Wang Jun is a Director
of the International Department of Beijing Unirule
Economics Institute.
He said: “If the sand is toxic, then it is very bad.
It would undoubtedly hurt more people.
Some chemical residues are able to get into our eyes,
our nose, our lungs and respiratory system.
Then those toxins will be released, and that impacts will……
despite being very slow and very unique, the influence
is still there.”
In fact, in early 2010, some media exposed the pollution
situation of the Tengger Desert.
During the next four years, a number of media followed
the reports of this topic.
But the authorities often reply with “possible oversight,"
and then there was no further progress.
U.S.-based Chinese environmental writer Ho Zhe:
“Because this factory project brings direct benefits
to the local fiscal revenue and the taxed.
If these projects cease operation, then the revenue
and the taxes will be all reduced.
Of course the governments will have no money,
so the governments want to protect these companies
due to the common interests."
Wang Jun: “Although they seemingly said, ‘we must
resolutely protect the environment,’ internally their minds
fundamentally not like this swear.
So it is possible for the governments to tip off companies
and to do some cover ups.
This is very common in China, and this is not only
one enterprise.
The EPA and the polluting enterprises
are often the same family."
Tengger Desert giant sewage pools were recently exposed
again, and this has become a strong societal concern.
The Internet has been full of vitriol towards those
unscrupulous and immoral companies.
Internet users denounce the collaboration of governments
with businesspersons, the dissatisfaction
with the governmental non-action,
and even more concerned for future generations.
Interview & Edit/Zhan Tianyu Post-Production/LiYong
