【新唐人2013年02月28日訊】兩會召開之前，中國民間各界一百多位公民再次發起公民聯署，向即將召開的第12屆全國人大倡議，儘快批准加入「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」。15年來一直備受關注的這一問題，對中國社會存在怎樣的影響呢？下面請看分析報導。
目前這份「公民建言」聯署信在網絡流傳，簽署人數已經超過100人。其中包括知名人士，例如賀衛方、茅於軾、鞏勝利等學者；還有浦志強、周澤等律師；以及戴晴、冉雲飛等作家；聯署人也有不知名的網友和企業家，醫生等，分佈在中國大陸各城市，有些來自香港。
「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」和「經濟、社會及文化權利國際公約」，以及「世界人權宣言」一起組成了「國際人權憲章」，體現了經過兩次世界大戰後的反思，那就是：人類推崇的普世價值。截至2010年11月1號，在聯合國193個會員國中，已有167個國家正式加入了「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」。
1998年，中國作爲第140個國家，在「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」上簽了字。此後中共當局多次表示，將儘快履行批准公約的法律程序。至今15年過去了，「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」還是沒有在全國人大批准通過，因此不能正式生效。
大陸經濟學家芧於軾：「這是十幾年的事了，現在趕緊給它通過。現在雖然政府是簽了字，但是立法機關沒有簽字，所以有些事還不能進入法律程序。」
北京《國情內參》首席研究員鞏勝利：「全世界都知道，只有像中國爲數不多的幾個國家沒有通過。那麽對保障中國公民的這種權利，都是說了一句空話。這是最起碼的人類的一種環境吧。」
在此之前，中國民間多次發出呼聲，要求人大儘快批准加入「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」，但都石沉大海。不過聯署人對這次呼籲，能否得到人大的響應，仍然抱有信心。
芧於軾：「我覺得應該有可能。因爲這個事情已經多少年了，而且過去開人大的時候提過這個事情的，我不知道為甚麽沒有通過。這次再提一次，新的領導也可能有新的看法。」
北京《國情內參》刊物首席研究員鞏勝利雖然也認爲，這一屆人大有可能通過加入「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」，但是他也表示了擔心。
鞏勝利：「不通過也有可能，因爲現在一黨壟斷的權力，那麽它要保證它『佔山為王』的這種方式，那它當然可以不通過。但是最終歷史的潮流誰都沒有辦法阻擋。」
十八大後，習近平採取了一系列動作，來樹立不同於前任領導人的形象。也參與聯署「公民建言」的中國大陸學者吳強對海外媒體表示，這次聯署正是對正式在兩會期間接管權力的新領導層的考驗，看看新一屆中共政治局常委在上任之後這段時間裏，塑造出來的所謂「親民形象」是否真實。
目前，中國《憲法》與「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」存在著一些差異，尤其在「死刑」和「人身自由，強迫勞動」等方面。
而即使在和公約沒有差異的方面，中國還存在「實施」和「監督」的問題。例如，中國《憲法》也承認公民「言論自由」和「集會自由」的權力，但實際上，因言獲罪的例子比比皆是。中國《憲法》和《訴訟法》也強調司法獨立，但實際上法院獨立審判還難以做到。
如果這屆「人大」通過加入「公民權利和政治權利國際公約」，則表示中國要接受這項公約的實施機制，必須理清中國人權體制與公約的差異，並且採取立法和司法措施予以彌補。
採訪/李韻 編輯/尚燕 後製/李智遠
Chinese Citizens Urge to Ratify the ICCPR joined 15 years ago
Before the Chinese Communist Party´s (CCP) two annual
meetings, more than one hundred citizens from all walks of ´
life launched a citizens’ signatories petition again.
They requested the 12th National People´s Congress (NPC)
to join the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as soon as possible.
This issue has been a concern for the Chinese for 15 years.
What impact will it have on the Chinese society?
Let´s take a look.
The signatory event was circulated online,
over 100 people have signed the letter.
Some are well-known people, scholars including
He Weifang, Mao Yushi and Gong Shengli;
Lawyers included Pu Zhiqiang and Zhou Ze;
Writers included Dai Qing and Yan Yunfei;
Netizens, businessmen and doctors from different cities and
people in Hong Kong also signed their names.
The International Bill of Human Rights consists of the
“International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”
(ICCPR), the “International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights”, and the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”.
Its manifest states that after two world wars,
human universal values will be respected.
As of 1st November, 2010, of the 193 members of the
United Nations, 167 countries officially joined the ICCPR.
China signed the ICCPR in 1998 became 140th signatories.
Since then, the Chinese regime repeatedly said to ratify the
ICCPR into law, proceeding ahead as soon as possible.
15 years have passed, the ICCPR hasn´t been approved by
the NPC, thus it still hasn´t taken effect in China.
Mao Yushi, an economist in Mainland China:
“This is more than a decade, we should push it forward now.
Even the government has approved it, but the legislature
hasn´t approved it, thus, some things still can´t proceed in law.”
Gong Shengli, chief researcher of Guoqing Neican magazine:
“The world knows that only a few countries like China haven´t approved it yet.
Thus, they are empty words to ensure the Chinese people´s civil
rights, which is a fundamental environment for human kind.”
Prior to this, people repeatedly urged the NPC to approve the
ICCPR and legislate it into law.
Mao Yushi: “I think it should be possible.
As it has been delayed for so many years, in addition,
people have raised this issue to the NPC in the past.
I am not sure why it hasn´t been approved.
By mentioning it again, the new leadership may
take a different view of it.”
Gong Shengli also agreed, there is a chance to
pass it this year, however, he is still worried.
Gong Shengli: “It is possible that it won´t be approved,
because the one-Party dictatorship wants to secure its power, certainly they won´t approve it.
However, there is no way to stop history moving forwards.”
After the 18th CCP Congress, Xi Jinping took a series of
actions to establish a different image from his predecessors.
Wu Qiang, a scholar in Mainland China, who participated in
the petition said to overseas media that
the petition is testing the new leadership, whether their
“approachable” image that was established after the power transition is real.
At present, there are gaps between China´s
constitution and the ICCPR.
Especially with the “death penalty” and
“personal freedom and forced labor” aspects.
Although some areas have no differences with the ICCPR,
problems still exist in its “implementation” and “supervision”.
For example: China´s constitution also recognizes
“freedom of speech” and “freedom of assembly”.
In fact, one is punished for expression, is common place.
China´s Constitution and Litigation also emphasize the
independence of the judiciary.
However, the courts judicial independence is hard to achieve.
If this year the NPC approves the ICCPR,
it means China will implement the ICCPR.
The gap between China´s human rights system and
the ICCPR must be cleared.
In addition, it needs to adopt legislative and judicial
measures to replace the gap.
