【新唐人2011年6月1日訊】在用電量的淡季，中國十幾個省市卻面臨嚴重「電荒」，各地相繼採取限電和讓電措施。中國電力企業聯合會預估，今年夏天缺電比較嚴重的會是東部、中部及東北地區，而明年，中國全國的供電會更加緊張，缺口可能進一步擴大。不過，「電荒」給電力利益集團提供漲價的藉口，用電比例較小的百姓民生用電，同樣受到波及。
國家電監會副主任俞燕山向《財經國家週刊》的記者表示：從青海、湖北、湖南等傳統缺煤的省份，到山西、陜西、河南等傳統產煤大省，都出現發電廠「缺煤停機」的現象，他說，這恐怕是7年來最嚴重的「電荒」。
按照電力行業的說法，「電荒」是因為煤價高，電價低，電廠發電越多越虧錢，因此選擇消極怠工。
根據中國電力企業聯合會（中電聯）的統計，今年1到4月，華能、大唐、華電、國電、中電投等五大發電集團，因煤價上漲等原因，造成火電虧損100多億元人民幣。小規模的地方電廠也因為虧損嚴重而「停工檢修」。
中國煤炭運銷協會能源專家李朝林接受《希望之聲電臺》採訪時表示，「電荒」發生的關鍵原因是：電力市場化改革不夠。
中國煤炭運銷協會能源專家李朝林：「現在煤炭供應緊張，一個煤價上漲，成本提高，再就是說電力市場化改革也不夠，現在都是吃國家大鍋飯，電網啊利潤是不是賺的太多了，他的上網電價兩毛多、三毛多錢嘛，送電成本是不是也偏高? 」
《經濟觀察報》批評，小規模的民間電廠的確可能因不堪成本負荷而停工，但國有發電企業應該以保障民生經濟為優先，而不是以營利為主。可是這一波「電荒」，國企也跟著「停工檢修」，造成廣大民生用電問題。
報導指出，十多年來在中共政府主導下，國有企業以國有壟斷的模式快速膨脹。不過，從中石油叫嚷國內油價偏低，到這一波電力企業在淡季「配合電荒」，加上中共官方的「縱容」。苦的只是老百姓。
中國能源網專家顧問甘世宣:「以煤為主的這樣一個電源結構裡頭，如果電煤的矛盾很突出，主要還是要從改革上解決電煤這個問題，現在煤炭是市場定價，電是國家控制，國家定價，可我看消息是，幾十個省可能陸續裡要調電價。老百姓用的電在整個行業裡頭佔比例很小，民用電只是佔百分十幾，主要在重工業上。」
另外，《經濟觀察報》認為，「電荒」也會造成通脹更加嚴重。因為發改委如果拒絕提高電價，等夏季用電高峰期一到，「電荒」可能更嚴重，更多地區和企業被拉閘限電，民生用品產量下滑，大部分產品必然漲價，等於間接推高通脹壓力。而就算髮改委提高電價，雖然減少了電力公司的虧損，但也直接推高了通脹問題。
報導說，如果市場經濟仍然是中國決策者奉行的基本準則，對國企大刀闊斧式的改革則勢在必行。美國有500家電網企業，人均用電量是中國的六倍，卻從未出現過電荒。這個事實告訴我們，並不是國有壟斷企業才能保障一個國家的能源安全。
新唐人記者曾耀賢、薛莉綜合報導。
“Power Shortage” Intensified by State-owned Plants
“Power Shortage” Intensified by State-owned Plants
In this off-peak season, over 10 provinces and cities
in China are facing power shortages, power cuts, and
blackouts. China Electricity Council predicted that
China’s east, middle, and northeast areas will be the
hardest-hit this summer, and shortages could increase
next year. The “power shortage” gives electric power
companies an excuse to raise their prices,
which in turn affects people’s daily power consumption.
Yu Yanshan, Deputy Director of the State Electricity
Regulatory Commission, told the National Economic
Weekly: “From coal-deficient provinces like Qinghai,
Hubei, and Hunan to coal-producing provinces like
Shanxi, Shanxi, and Henan, many other power plants
have shut down due to the ‘lack of coal’.”
It is the worst ‘power shortage’ in seven years.”
According to power industry sources, the so-called
“power shortage” exists not because coal is expensive
but because electricity is cheap. Plants are losing
money when they produce power, so they shut down.
According to China Electricity Council’s statistics,
from January to April, five power groups including
Huaneng, Datang, Huadian, Guodian, and China
Power Investment, lost over $1.54 billion, due to
Coal’s skyrocketing prices. Many small power plants
have also “shut down” after facing heavy losses.
Li Chaolin, an energy expert from the China Coal
Transportation and Marketing Association, told
Sound of Hope, “The ‘power shortage’ is due to
Electricity’s imbalanced market-oriented reform.”
Li Chaolin, an energy expert, said: “The present ‘coal
Shortage’ is due to high prices and high mining costs,
as well as electricity’s imbalanced market-oriented
reform. Electrical power groups don’t feel responsible
to society. They only care about making huge profits,
with an on-grid price of $.03 per kilowatt-hour and
a high-transfer power cost.”
The Economic Observer reported that small plants
might need to shut down due to heavy losses,
but state-owned power groups should focus on their
employees’ livelihood, instead of making a profit.
However, during this “power shortage,” state-owned
plants also shut down, affecting people’s daily lives.
According to the report, state-owned power plants,
which have dominated the market for the past 10 years,
have quickly expanded into nationalized monopolies.
But civilians are still suffering. PetroChina is now
complaining about petro prices being too low.
The current “power shortage” is being intensified by
state-owned plants and the CCP’s collusion.
Gan Shixuan (an expert from China Energy Net) said:
“In a coal-based power system, if the imbalance
between coal and electricity is significant, then reform
must take place. At present, the price of coal is set by
market value, while the price of electricity is
controlled by the CCP. But what I see is that over
10 provinces will raise their price of electricity.
Power usage in people’s daily lives accounts for
10 percent of the total electricity used in China, while
industries account for 90 percent of the electricity used.”
According to the Economic Observer, the current
“power shortage” will cause inflation to rise. If the
Development and Reform Commission (DRC) refuses
to raise power prices, this “shortage” could worsen in
the summer, during the peak season. Power will be cut
for more and more industries, resulting in decreased
production and higher commodity prices, which will
indirectly cause inflation to rise. But if the DRC raises
electricity prices, although the power plants will be less
burdened, inflation is sure to rise.
According to the report, if the CCP insists on
fostering a market economy, then a drastic reform
in the way state-owned businesses operate is needed.
The U.S. has about 500 power grid companies and its
electricity consumption, per capita, is five times
higher than China. Yet, it never experiences shortages.
This tells us that state-owned monopolies are not the
only way to guarantee a nation’s energy security.
NTD reporters Zeng Yaoxian and Xue Li
