【新唐人2013年12月05日訊】在大陸，看病難、住房難、上學難，被稱為是壓在百姓頭上的「三座大山」，尤其其中的看病難，持續幾十年位居「三座大山」之首。因此大陸民間又流傳著「小病拖，大病扛，重病等著見閻王」的說法，民眾都不敢到醫院看病。然而，令人們意想不到的是，中共官員爆出，大陸醫保基金已經連續多年大量結餘，引發輿論一片嘩然。
據大陸《經濟參考報》報導，在日前舉行的中國衛生經濟學會第十六次年會上，北京市衛生局副局長雷海潮指出，到2012年底，全國城鎮基本醫療保險纍計結餘7644億元。
雷海潮還透露，從1999年到現在，除了2010年以外，大陸城鎮基本醫療保險基金結餘率每年都在20%以上，其中2001年的結餘率最高達到35%。而在此之前，另一位中共官員也曾向媒體透露，2007年和2008年連續兩年，醫保基金結餘率都達到了30%以上。
有專家指出，醫保基金使用原則應該是當年收支平衡，不應當有過多結餘，而目前大陸醫保基金結餘的比例，已經遠遠高於發達國家最高10%的結餘率。
中國衛生法學家張讚寧：「很多國家醫療保險都是超支，但是我們國家卻有結餘。我覺得這很不正常。」
一方面是老百姓看病難、看病貴，參保者抱怨報銷比例低，另一方面，由人力資源和社會保障部管理的城鎮基本醫療保險，長達十幾年存在著「錢多的花不出去」的怪現象。醫保基金長期大量結餘，和百姓低標準的醫保待遇，形成鮮明對比。
張讚寧：「老百姓雖然有醫療保險，但是要動用醫療保險還是有很多困難。比如每個人一般情況下，一年只規定給予幾百塊或者幾千塊報銷，這個錢用完了，那就全部要自己出。在報銷問題上，對老百姓看病的時候可能卡的過死，卡的過嚴，有些該報銷的，由於它卡的過嚴就不給予報銷，醫療保險費用就有結餘了，就用不出去了。」
儘管年年結餘，醫保基金的管理者們依然不斷呼籲職工、居民和農村提高繳費比例，另一方面又要求中央財政提高補貼資金。而對於每年數千億的醫保基金結餘去向，管理者們卻從沒有向民眾公開過。
那麼，民眾繳納的醫療保險費用究竟流向何方？經大量數據證實，絕大部分的醫療資源被用在了中共權貴階層及他們的裙帶關係身上，真正用在普通民眾身上的微乎其微。中共衛生部原副部長殷大奎曾經透露，80%的醫療費用在為850萬黨政幹部群體服務，而其他十幾億普通平民，卻只能共享剩餘的20%醫療資源。
張讚寧：「現在我們大陸醫療保險是很不平等的，有一種醫療是不受任何限制的，就是離休人員。一般是在四九年以前參加工作的，就所謂打天下的那些人，他們是不受限制的，任何藥物都可以實報實銷，而且自己不需要消費一分錢，所以一旦一家有個離休人員的話，他們全家都可以享受國家的免費治療。」
以四川省自貢市為例，2009年，自貢全市徵收居民醫療保險費6544萬元，全年支出僅2466萬元，結餘高達4079萬元，而在離休幹部身上，全市徵收醫療費統籌基金1974萬元，支出2246萬元，結餘負72萬元。用在民眾身上的醫療保險費用不到30%，而離休幹部的醫療支出居然出現了負數，那麼這72萬從哪裏挪用，不言而喻。
張讚寧：「所以我覺得主要是醫療不公、配置不公，造成了這種情況，我認為醫療保險應當是全民的，應當是平等待遇，但是在中國這個等級制度非常森嚴。」
此外，中共監察部副部長屈萬祥也承認，還有一部分的醫保基金結餘，進入了地方和基金管理部門的口袋，被中共官員貪污挪用。
一名上海網民作詩諷刺：大眾無錢苦，醫保大結餘，都是民脂血，為何不返民，各種奇怪事，盡出在當局。
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/鍾元
Where Does China’s $125.5 Billion Healthcare Insurance Surplus Go?
In Mainland China, people are facing what
has been called the “three big mountains".
These are difficulties in medical care, housing and education.
Out of these three issues, medical care has been ranked
as the number one problem for 10 consecutive years.
People mock with the words, “minor illness is delayed, major
illness is endured, and with severe illness, one waits to die."
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials claim that for
several years, healthcare insurance has had surplus funds.
This has aroused public criticism.
Chinese Economic Information newspaper
reported on a recent annual meeting of
the China Health Economics Association.
At the meeting, Lei Haichao, Deputy Director of
Beijing Health Bureau, said that the surplus of the
national urban basic medical insurance fund had
reached 764.4 billion Yuan ($125.5 billion) by 2012.
Lei also said that since 1999, the surplus rate
has exceeded 20% every year, except in 2010.
The surplus rate hit 35% in 2001.
Prior to this, another official also told media that
the surplus rate exceeded 30% in 2007 and 2008.
Experts say that paying in and out of healthcare
funds should balance out during the year.
There should not be a surplus.
The surplus rate in China is far higher than developed
countries, which often controlled at an average below 10%.
Zhang Zanning, medical lawyer: “Healthcare
insurance in many countries is overspent.
However, our country has a surplus. I think it is not right."
Civilians find it difficult to see the doctor, and it
is expensive, so the reimbursement rate is low.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
administration tightly controlled the urban healthcare insurance fund,
causing the surplus over 10 years.
This long-term healthcare insurance fund surplus obviously
contrasts with civilians’ low standard of healthcare insurance.
Zhang Zanning: “Although people have healthcare
insurance, it is still difficult for them to claim their fees.
For example, one is only allowed to claim
several hundred to several thousand Yuan a year.
If the claim amount is exceeded, the
rest of the cost will be paid by oneself.
The process of reimbursement for civilians is overly strict.
When someone is eligible for reimbursement,
the amount is cut, and they never get it.
Thus, the healthcare insurance fund
has a surplus, as it hasn’t been used."
Despite a yearly surplus, healthcare insurance
administration officers still repeatedly urge people
to pay increased insurance fees.
In addition, they also demanded the Central financial
departments to raise the compensation funds.
Yet, the use of these several hundreds of billions of surplus
funds every year has never been disclosed to the public.
Where has the money gone?
Data indicates that the money has been spent by
the CCP’s privileged groups, and their contacts.
Only a small amount of the funds has been spent on civilians.
Yin Dakui, Former Deputy Minister of Healthcare revealed
80% of funds were spent on 8.5 million CCP members.
Yet, the billions of Chinese civilians are only
able to use the 20% of the funds that are left.
Zhang Zanning: “Now our healthcare insurance is not fair.
One kind of healthcare insurance has no
restrictions for retired senior CCP cadres.
If one started working before 1949, they
have no limit for reimbursing medical costs.
They don’t need to spend a penny for their healthcare.
Thus, if one family has such a retired cadre, their
family can enjoy national medical care for free."
For example, in 2009 in Zigong City, Sichuan Province,
the healthcare insurance fees collected from civilians
was 65.4 million Yuan ($10.7 million) during one year.
Only 24.7 million Yuan ($4.05 million) has been
paid out, so 40.8 million ($6.7 million) was surplus.
The insurance collected from retired cadres
in Zigong was 19.7 million Yuan ($3.23 million).
It paid out 22.5 million Yuan ($3.69 million),
leaving a deficit of 720,000 Yuan ($110,000).
If there is only 30% of healthcare insurance spent on
civilians, but retired cadres’ expenditure has negative
figure, then how does one find 720,000 Yuan ($110,000).
Zhang Zanning: “Thus, I think medical care is unequal,
and the distribution is unequally causing the problem.
I think healthcare should be equal, but
in China, it is a strict hierarchical system."
Qu Wanxiang, Deputy Minister of Supervision admits
that part of surplus fund of healthcare insurance
runs into the local fund administration departments.
It is also embezzled by corrupt officials.
A Shanghai netizen satirized it with a poem:
“Civilians have suffered from no money.
The huge surplus of healthcare
insurance belongs to civilians.
Why can the fund not be returned to civilians?
The regime caused all kinds of strange things."
Interview & Edit/ZhangTianyu Post-Production/ZhongYuan