【新唐人2013年09月09日訊】儘管大陸民眾對延遲退休方案多數表示不讚同，中共人力資源和社會保障部一直醞釀的延遲退休方案，仍然準備出籠。外界認為，當局如此積極的推行延遲退休方案，是因為養老金賬戶的虧空。
據9月7號的大陸《經濟觀察網 》報導，中共人力資源和社會保障部的養老方案頂層設計已經成型，延遲退休方案已成定局。
其實，在今年的中共兩會期間，人社部負責人就表示，延長勞動時間、延遲退休年齡肯定是趨勢。
8月中旬，清華大學還公布了一份養老金頂層設計方案，其中就想把領取養老金年齡延到60~65歲。
不過，外界認為，延遲退休會使中國的失業問題更加加劇，甚至還會帶來社會的不穩定因素。
《人民日報》對此也表達了不滿。在9月8號的《四問延遲退休》一文中引用民眾的話質疑：[14個省份的養老金入不敷出，這情況太嚴重了，看來不想延遲退休也不行了]、[養老金是不是馬上發不出來了？]
不過，人社部負責人卻多次表態，養老金支付沒問題，到2012年底城鎮職工基本養老保險纍計結餘達2.3萬億元。
不過，中共社科院發佈的資料顯示：2011年14個省份養老金收不抵支，如果沒有財政補貼，就會影響養老金發放。
《國情內參》首席研究員鞏勝利表示，據原人民銀行行長、社保資金理事會會長戴相龍曾經透露，社保資金被用於投資股市。鞏勝利認為，過去10年中國的股市一直下行，社保資金肯定虧了。
《國情內參》首席研究員鞏勝利：「沒有人能控制得了，也沒有人能夠監督，這是它的最大漏洞，不知道漏到哪裏去了。還有就是地方政府挪用社保資金。沒有監控，沒有陽光化的作業，這種流失也好，虧空也好是必然。」
2006年，上海引爆的挪用社會保障基金大案，時任福禧投資控股公司董事會主席張榮坤，從上海社會保障基金中違規借貸32億資金，還涉及到前政治局委員、上海市委書記陳良宇、上海市寶山區區長秦裕、上海市社會保障局局長祝均一、國家統計局局長邱曉華等人。外界估計，全案的涉案金額將高達100億元人民幣以上。
美國南卡羅來納大學艾肯商學院教授謝田：「在上海也好，其他城市也好，大規模的、大面積的有這種挪用社保資金、退休金的現象發生。只要中共獨裁政權的存在，共產黨的官員永遠都有這個特權，在他們需要的時候欲取欲求，他就注定會去挪用這筆資金。」
美國南卡羅來納大學艾肯商學院教授謝田指出，在中國最大的問題是老百姓的錢交上去以後，沒有人去對這筆資金公平保管和合理使用，更沒有法律的限制和制衡，並且由於實行計劃生育導致社會的老齡化，會使社保基金雪上加霜。
謝田：「在美國每個人、每年都會從社會安全局收到一封信告訴你，你的社會安全帳號裡有多少多少錢，你退休的話，你拿到多少錢等等。」
在中國，在職工人因討薪問題發生的群體事件就經常發生。
實際上，《中國青年報》社會調查中心對25,311人進行的調查中，94.5%的受訪者明確反對延遲退休，僅3.2%的受訪者表示支持。《人民網》在2012年[延遲領養老金年齡]的調查中，45萬網友參與投票，93.3%的人反對。
有學者指出，延遲退休年齡，其實中共官員最擁護、最高興。因為多當一年領導，自然就會有很多人來送禮，就會有很多美女來相伴。
採訪/朱智善 編輯/宋風 後製/葛雷
Retirement Age Postponing: Even State-run Media Exposed the Social Security Funds Shortage
Even if the majority of people in China are against
the plan to delay retirement age,
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Social Security Department
is still cooking plans to delay people’s retirement age.
Why do the authorities proactively push to delay
retirement age?
Even the state run media People’s Daily questioned
if pension funds will run out soon.
As reported by the website www.eeo.com.cn, the general
pension plan has been completed by the party’s human
resource department and social security department,
and retirement age will certainly be pushed back.
As a matter of fact, during the two national congresses
this year, it was indicated that working time will be prolonged and retirement age will be postponed.
In the middle of August, Tsinghua University publicized
a general design of the retirement pension plan,
in which the age people are eligible to receive
retirement pension has been postponed to age 60 to 65.
However, it was analyzed that postponing retirement age
will accelerate the unemployment in China and produce unstable factors in society.
The state-run newspaper, People’s Daily, also expressed
dissatisfaction with the retirement age postponing plan.
On September 8th, it published an article entitled,
”Four Questions Regarding Retirement Age Postponing.”
The article said, “Now, retirees cannot make ends meet
with pension in 14 provinces and the situation is very severe.
It seems that postponing retirement age is the only choice.”
It also asked, “is the pension fund running out soon?”
However, authorities from the social security department
declared many times that there are enough pension funds.
They claimed that until the end of 2012, employees’ pension
plans were over funded by 230,000,000 Chinese Yuan.
Nonetheless, based on the statistics published by
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,
retirement pension payout couldn’t have been made
without financial subsidies in 14 provinces in China.
Gong Shengli, CEO of Internal References of National
Conditions, said that Dai Xianglong, former head of Bank
of China and Board of Director of Social Security Funds,
never disclosed that social security funds
have been invested in the stock market.
Gong Shengli stated that the return in social security funds
must be negative since the stock market in China tanked over the past 10 years.
Gong Shengli: “The pension funds have never been
supervised, which is the biggest loophole.
Nobody knows where the pension money flew to.
In addition, local governments also misappropriate
retirement pension funds.
Without supervision and transparent operation,
pension funds are doomed to be operated inappropriately.”
In 2006, the embezzled social security funds case
was very sensational in Shanghai.
Zhang Rongkun, Chairman of the board of directors
of Fuxi Investment Holding Company at the time,
borrowed 32 Billion Chinese Yuan from Shanghai
Social Security Funds.
Cheng Liangyu (former committee member of Poliburo
and Secretary of Shanghai), Qin Yu (Head of Baoshan
District in Shanghai), Zhu Junyi (head of Shanghai Social
Security Office) and Qiu Xiaohua (Head of National Statistics Office) were all involved in the case.
It was estimated the total amount of money involved
in this case was as much as 100 Billion Chinese Yuan.
Xie Tian, Professor of Aiken Business School, University
of South Carolina: “In Shanghai or other cities in China,
a large amount of social security funds are embezzled
quite often.
As long as the CCP’s dictatorship exists, the party’s officials
will always have this privilege to get whatever they want
at any time and they will certainly misappropriate
social security funds.”
Xie Tian pointed out the biggest problem in China
is that
the money that ordinary people have deposited
for their retirement is not appropriately managed or used by the government.
There is no legal limitation or control on
the retirement pension fund.
The one-child policy has caused the national population age
to be older than normal level, which makes the situation even more severe.
Xie Tian: “In the United States, everybody receives a letter
from the office of social security every year, telling you
how much money you have in your social security account
and how much you can receive monthly after you retire.”
In China, group conflicts often happen when employees
ask for their salaries back that they deserve.
In fact, in the survey performed by China Youth Daily,
25,311 people answered the questionnaires.
94.5% were against postponing retirement age,
and only 3.2% support it.
In the “postponing retirement age” survey
by “www.people.com.cn”,
450,000 internet users participated and 93.3% of them
are against delaying retirement age.
Some scholars pointed out that the CCP officials
is the interest group that supports postponing retirement age the most.
For them, with one more year in office, more bribery
will take place and more beautiful girls accompanying.