【新唐人2011年9月20日讯】大陆农民工约有2亿7千万人，根据中国户籍政策，这些农民工在城市无法平等的获得教育、医疗和各项服务，使他们沦为二等公民。广东新出台的户籍政策，采积分方式，不过相关政策倾向有大学学历和财富的人群，农民工的反映普遍不佳，认为是个失败的政策。
从1985年起，中国大批农民工涌入城市和制造业中心。然而，中国的户籍制度将中国公民分为城市居民和农村居民，农民工在这样的制度下无法享有城市各项福利，尽管新的政策出台，大城市不愿向所有人开放户口，在有限的名额中标准也就越严苛。
对于新的政策，派出所户籍员李先生表示，限制这些对城市建设最有贡献的农民工入户，非常不公平也不合理。
户籍员李先生：“到城市来，讲的好听，什么学历啊，什么什么要求什么各方面能力，那么人生来平等，为什么一定要搞这些东西才能到城市来呢，对不对？他有钱买一张火车票就能来嘛，他能在这里生活就应该让他留下来嘛，他在这里工作帮助把这城市建设，这城市各方面的需求，甚至城市为什么这么兴旺就是靠这么多人来这里消费。”
6月7号，广东出台农民工积分制入户城镇工作的指导意见，在广东省城镇务工的农村劳动力，凡已办理《广东省居住证》、纳入就业登记、缴纳社会保险的，可以申请纳入积分登记。原则上农民工积满60分可以申请入户，配偶和未成年子女可以随迁。不过真正要在广州落户至少要达到130分。
在广州当地，企业投资500万元，就可获得20分，拥有房产者，也可得20分。18岁到35岁，攻读大学学位或拥有广东农村户口者可获得更多积分。
农民工孙二代表示，500万获20分的门槛太高了，一般农民工没有这样的财力。农民工梁女士也认为这样的标准，很多人根本是入不了户。
梁女士：“他这个门槛太高，作秀，我认为他是作秀。”
另外，缴纳社会保险费也可积分。参加养老保险、城镇基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险等，每个险种满一年积1分，总分不超50分。另外，献血或做义工也是加分的途径。
孙二代：“表面上它（积分）体现出了一种公平的原则，虽然暗地里可能它会有很多潜规则，就是说各种方面的数据，在加分的数据他都可以造假，都可以作出一些改变。”
除了积分，还有扣分指标，有超生行为，五年内不能申请入户，期限届满之后，超生一个子女扣100分，此外，受过劳动教养的扣50分，受过刑事处罚者扣100分。
李先生表示，农民工非常憎恨这种人为的分等级制度，因为他们比城市人更加辛苦干活，城市人不愿干的活都是他们干的，但是他们得到的报酬却仅仅只能糊口。
新唐人记者朱智善、李庭、李月采访报导。
New Household Registration’s Point System
There are approximately 270 million migrant workers
in China. According to China’s household registration policy,
these migrant workers do not have equal access to
education, health care and other services,
and thus become second class citizens.
Guangdong Province recently introduced a new household
registration policy that uses a point system.
Nonetheless, the policy favors wealthy individuals
and people who have university level education.
Migrant workers believe this is a failed policy.
Since 1985, a large number of migrant workers
flooded into cities and manufacturing centers.
China’s household registration system classifies
Chinese citizens into urban citizens and rural citizens.
Migrant workers cannot enjoy the welfare benefits as urban
residents do.
Despite the introduction of a new household registration policy,
major cities are not willing to open household registrations to all people.
The criteria for registration are more stringent.
Household register worker Mr Li said that it is unfair that
the new policy restricts the migrant workers who make the most contributions to the city.
Mr Li: “In order to move to the city, you need to have
education and other capabilities. People are equal.
Why do you need all this in order to come to the city?
If he has money to buy a train ticket, then let him come.
If he has the ability to live here, then let him stay.
His working here helps the construction of the city.
The city is thriving because so many people
come here to consume.”
On June 7, Guangdong Province introduced a new policy
that allows migrant workers to accumulate points and apply for urban household registration.
Rural labor force, who have applied for Guangdong
Residency, registered for employment, and paid Social Security, are eligible to apply for register points.
In principle, workers who have accumulated 60 points
are eligible to apply for household registration, and their spouse and children can move with the applicants.
However, in reality, you need at least 130 points in order to
receive residency in Guangzhou city.
In Guangzhou city, you can gain 20 points if you invest
RMB 5 million in local businesses.
You can also gain 20 points if you own property. Applicants
aged between 18 and 35 who have a university degree
or rural household residency in Guangdong Province
can also gain more points.
Migrant worker Sun Erdai believes the requirement
of RMB 5 million is too high, ordinary migrant workers do not have such money.
Another migrant worker, Ms Liang, said that
if the requirement is set too high, most migrant workers will not be eligible to apply.
Ms Liang: “The bar is too high.
I think they are putting on a show.”
Applicants can also gain points by paying social security.
Purchase of pension, basic urban medical insurance, unemployment insurance and injury insurance also add points.
You gain one point for purchase of each type of insurance
for one year, with a cap of 50 points. Blood donations and volunteering is another way to gain points.
Sun Erdai: “The point system seems fair on the surface,
But there are hidden rules.
They can fabricate many aspects of the data.
They can also make changes to the points.”
Besides point accumulation, there is a demerit point system.
If you have children over the quota, you are not allowed to apply for registration within five years.
After five years, 100 points are deducted for giving birth
to each child over the quota.
50 points are deducted if you have been reeducated
through forced labor, and 100 points are deducted if you have criminal charges.
Mr Li said that migrant workers hate this artificial class
system, because they work harder than urban workers,
and they are willing to do work that urban workers are not,
yet they only get paid just enough to make ends meet.
NTD reporters Zhu Zhishan, Li Ting and Li Yue
