【新唐人2011年8月23日讯】“中国北车集团公司”近期召回54辆CRH380BL型动车。与两年前动车生产质量问题“内部处理”相比，中共铁道部选择了“公开召回”。但22号有媒体曝光，大举召回动车的真正原因，竟然是在关键的动力轴方面发现不明裂纹，而对此，铁道部并没有公布。
8月11号，“中国北车”公告召回正在京沪高铁运营的54列CRH380BL型动车组，召回之举，距离京沪高铁正式运行不到一个半月，距离已公布的运行试验阶段的启动日（5月11日），也仅三个月而已。
“北车集团”在公告中说：“中国北车所属长客股份公司生产的CRH380BL型动车组连续发生热轴报警误报、自动降弓、牵引丢失等故障，大多因分供方配件不合格所致，在运营现场难以快速排查和有效整改。”
但是8月22号出版的财新《新世纪》周刊披露，2011年7月15号，济南车辆段动车所的探伤工乔兆红，在通过探伤器对一辆编号为6209L的高铁列车例行检查时发现，在这辆“中国北车”生产的CRH380BL列车上，超声波探测第11节车厢的车轴时，屏幕显示反射波幅度异常，这意味着该处存在内部缺陷。后来的探伤报告显示，这是一处裂纹，该缺陷在靠近齿轮处，长7.1毫米、高2.4毫米。报告要求，对该轴进行“换轴”处理。
财新《新世纪》说，事实上，动车车轴发现不明原因的缺陷已不止一次。早在今年6月，就有类似报告。几份问题报告所提及更换的轮轴都发生在动力车，而且空心轴内缺陷部位，多靠近电机和齿轮的压装部位。
“车轴”是连接列车轮对的关键部件，对列车安全关系重大。据高铁技术规范，动力轴如果出现2毫米或超过2毫米的材质缺陷，就达到报废标准；如不报废，继续使用，万一高铁列车动力轴出问题，列车将会从轨道上飞出去，造成车毁人亡的惨剧。
这节车辆正式上路运营不过半个月，就在关键的动力轴处发现不明裂纹，专家认为，这不大可能是机械疲劳导致，如果不是探伤器出问题或者探伤工误操作，就只能是材质问题或者工艺缺陷。
据财新《新世纪》调查，CRH380BL的轮对供应商是“智奇铁路设备有限公司”，公司实际控制人，就是因贿赂前铁道部部长刘志军而名声大噪的山西女商人丁书苗。
直到现在，铁道部和“北车集团”始终没有对外披露济南车辆段发现动力轴不明缺陷一事。在更换了车轴之后，这辆列车和其他同样型号、使用同一家供应商供应的轮对的列车，依然以每小时300公里的速度在京沪高铁上继续奔跑。
“中南大学”城市轨道交通研究所教授王成立：“这个还是中国‘大干，快上’搞出来的问题。你很多配件上不配套的，东拼西凑，你凑起来有些不行的。铁道部又否认是车轴有裂纹，你那个车轴有裂纹了那当然问题就很大了。”
《新世纪》说，北车召回的背后，还有太多在公众视线以外的谜，这正是真正的危险所在。
据不完全统计，京沪高铁开通不足一个月，已有五起被媒体曝光的故障；去年以来，武广高铁至少有三起故障；沪杭高铁两起；福厦高铁一起。
新唐人记者代静、尚燕、薛莉采访报导。
Hidden Fissures and Uneasy Railway
China North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group)
Corporation (CNR) recently recalled
54 CRH380BL high-speed trains it produced.
Two years ago, it tried to handle problems “behind closed
doors.” Now, it is publicly recalling the trains.
Media reports said on Aug. 22, the real reason for the recall
was unknown cracks on the main axle.
However, the Ministry of Railways did not make this public.
Aug. 11, CNR openly recalled 54 CRH380BL trains
in operation on the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.
It is less than a month and a half from the start of pilot testing,
and only three months from the first day of operation (May 11).
CNR said in the announcement: “CNR-produced CRH380BL
trains have continuous problems with the thermal-axle,
loss of traction, and other failures.
Most of them are caused by quality problems and cannot be
solved by on-site investigation and rectification.”
According to the Aug. 22nd issue of “New Century” magazine,
on July 15, 2011, Jinan vehicle inspector Qiao Zhaohong
found abnormalities in a high-speed train numbered 6209L.
Further investigation revealed that there is a crack near the gear,
7.1 mm long 2.4 mm high.
The report required replacement of the axle.
New Century reported that this is not the first discovery of
unknown defects.
Early in June, a similar report also required axle replacement
of several high-speed trains.
Most of the defects are near the motor and gear.
Axle is a key component to connect train wheels,
thus essential to railway safety.
According to high-speed railway technical specifications, if
there are material defects of 2 mm or more on the power axle,
the axle must be abandoned,
otherwise the train might fly off the track, causing a crash.
This train has shown severe defects
within half a month in operation.
Experts believe that this is unlikely to be caused
by mechanical fatigue.
If it is not mistaken detection,
it must be a quality control problem.
New Century’s investigation shows that CRH380BL’s
supplier is Zhiqi Railway Corporation.
Its actual executive is Ding Shumiao, who was reported to
have bribed the imprisoned ex-Minister of Railways Liu Zhijun.
The Ministry of Railways and the CNR have not
publicly recognized the unknown defects in the power axle.
After the axle replacement, this train resumed its operation
at 300 kph from Beijing to Shanghai.
There are many other trains of similar models supplied by
Zhiqi Railway Corporation.
Wang Chengli, Professor in the Institute of Urban Rail Transit
at Central South University:
This is the consequence of China’s “big and fast” projects.
With a patchwork of many problematic parts,
there will be problems.
Axle crack is of course a big problem,
but the Ministry of Railways denies it.
New Century said that aside from the recalled trains,
there are still many other mysteries about Chinese railways.
These are the real dangers.
Within one-month of operation, the Beijing-Shanghai
high-speed railway has had five reported malfunctions.
Since last year, the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway
has at least three failures, two on the Shanghai-Hangzhou line,
and one on the Fuzhou-Xiamen line.
NTD reporters Dai Jing, Shang Yan and Xue Li
