【新唐人2011年5月17日讯】中国大陆的通货膨胀，造成生产成本不断上升，加上税赋沉重，以及借不到钱周转等问题，中小企业普遍陷入经营困境。浙江、广东和江苏有大量企业已陷入停工或半停工状态。
中国大陆的工信部资料显示，今年一到二月，中小规模以上的企业亏损面达15.8%，亏损额度增长率高达22.3%，但官方没统计的小型企业亏损可能更严重。
香港《文汇报》16号报导，广东省统计局日前公布，因为原物料上涨、工资调高、银行贷款利率上升，今年第一季，广东3.73万家中小规模以上企业税后净利，比一月到二月下滑12.5个百分点。广东佛山一间生产铝卷材工厂的负责人透露：工厂去年销售额10几亿元，单以5%的营业税来算，就要缴5千多万的税，其他25%的企业所得税等还不算。原物料一直涨，产品却没什么涨的空间，利润越来越少。
《经济观察报》也报导说，浙江温州的一家公司负责人吴强向记者透露，今年生意难做，不仅做外贸的日子难过，生产企业更是亏本经营。清明节后，浙江、广东、江苏等地中小企业，不断出现停工或半停工状态。他们现在都不敢接大单，担心企业缺电、缺工，生产不了那么多。加上人民币对美元还在升值，原本就很低的利润变的更微薄。
一家温州制鞋业的李老板也抱怨，去年底以来，一吨鞋底材料涨了三到四千元，一双鞋子得涨3块钱；胶水涨一倍；工资涨20%，偏偏还找不到工人；再加上拉闸限电，中小企业想不死都难。
报导中提到，温州市经贸委监测显示，今年一月到三月，眼镜、打火机等35家出口型企业订单减少，销售额下降7%，利润减少30%，平均利润只剩3.1%。浙江省中小企业局办公室主任蔡章生说：比2008年金融风暴时还困难。
此外，人民银行这个月12号宣布，从18号起，再调高存准率0.5个百分点，金融机构存准率达到历史新高的21%，冻结了人民币3,700亿元的资金。
在银行借不到钱的情况下，中小企业只能转向民间借钱，导致民间借贷利率普遍上升，甚至出现100%的超高年息。吴强透露：一些不肖企业为了取得更多银行贷款，不惜低价抢巿把产值做大。再用虚胖的业绩去向银行贷款，再拿去民间放高利贷。
《经济观察报》的报导中说，浙江乐清以电线、电缆、电器为主业的三旗集团，就是因为资金链断了被逼的快破产。而在北方的内蒙古包头，富豪惠龙集团的董事长金利斌因为巨额债务危机，已自尽身亡。外传他们向民间高额利息融资，借了12.37亿元，甚至有银行、农信社牵涉进去。
温州市人民银行表示，当地各大银行贷款利率已全面上升30%到80%。3月底温州民间借贷综合利率水平为 24.81%，也就是月息超过2分，创下历史新高。今年第一季温州民间借贷综合利率上涨11.91%。典当行的月利息也从去年的2.2分，涨到目前的3分。
新唐人记者曾耀贤、周平综合报导。
Smaller Enterprises Doomed
Facing heavy taxes, money borrowing difficulties
and soaring manufacturing costs due to inflation,
China’ smaller enterprises are in a difficult situation.
Many enterprises in Zhejiang, Guangdong,
and Jiangsu have been shut down partly or wholly.
According to China’s Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology, from January to February,
15.8% of enterprises, except for small enterprises,
experienced a loss of 22.3%.
But the losses of small and medium enterprises,
excluded from official statistics, might be higher.
Hong Kong’s Wen Wei Po reported on May 16
that according to the Bureau of Statistics
in Guangdong, with soaring material costs,
higher wages and lending rate, the profit after tax
of Guangdong’s 37.3 thousand large enterprises
dropped 12.5% in the first quarter,
compared to January and February.
The supervisor of an aluminum sheet factory
in Foshan, Guangdong said: “The factory’s sales
last year were over RMB1billion
and tax was over RMB50million with sales tax rate
of 5%, disregarding the 25% corporate income tax.
Because the material costs keep soaring
while the product prices can hardly increase,
the profit is getting worse.”
According to The Economic Observer, Wu Qiang,
the supervisor of a corporation in Wenzhou,Zhejiang,
told reporters that doing business is hard this year,
not only for foreign trade industries
but also for manufacturers. After Qingming Festival,
enterprises in Zhejiang, Guangdong, and Jiangsu
have been shut down partly or wholly one by one.
They dare not take large orders now,
being afraid that they can’t fulfill them
from a lack of electricity and labor.
With the increasing exchange rate of U.S. dollar,
their profit gets even less.
Mr. Zhang, owner of shoe factories in Wenzhou,
also complained that the cost
of a ton of sole materials has increased
by RMB3000-4000 since last year.
The price of a pair of shoes needs to increase
by RMB3. Now glue price has doubled.
Wages increased 20% but it’s still hard to find labor.
With the limited use of power,
small and medium enterprises are doomed.
The report also mentioned that according to
Wenzhou Economic and Commercial Committee,
35 factories of glasses and lighters got fewer orders
from January to March, with sales dropping 7%,
profit dropping 30%, and an average profit of 3.1%.
Office director of the Medium and Small-Sized
Enterprise Bureau, Cai Zhangsheng, said:
“It’s even harder than 2008’s financial crisis.”
Also, the People’s Bank declared on May 12
that the deposit reserve rate will further increase
by 0.5% since May 18, and reach a new high
of 21%. An amount of RMB370 billion will be frozen.
Small and medium enterprises could only borrow
money from folk people instead of banks
and it resulted in an increasing folk lending rate,
whose annual rate could be as high as 100%.
Wu Qiang said: “In order to borrow money
from banks, some amoral enterprises
even sell their products at very low prices
to expand the output value.
They use false records to apply for loans from banks
and then lend this money on usury.”
According to The Economic Observer,
Sanqi Corporation, which produces wires, cables
and electrical devices in Yueqing and Zhejiang,
is going bankrupt because the funding chain
has broken. Jin Libin, CEO of Fuhaohuilong Group
in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, has committed suicide
because of a huge debt. It is said the corporation
borrowed RMB1.237 billion from folk loan sharks,
banks and rural credit cooperatives.
According to the People’s Bank in Wenzhou,
local banks’ lending rates have increased by 30%
to 80%. At the end of March, the consolidated
folk-lending rate in Wenzhou was 24.81%,
nearly 2% per month, which is a new record high.
The average consolidated folk-lending rate
in Wenzhou increased by 11.91% in the first quarter
this year. The monthly rate of pawn broking
has increased from last year’s 2.2% to 3%.
NTD reporters Zeng Yaoxian and Zhou Ping
