【新唐人2014年06月18日訊】俄羅斯紀念碑人權組織近期組辦了一場有關阿爾巴尼亞問題的國際研討會，會上主要討論了如何看待過去共產黨政權政治迫害的歷史，如何清除共產主義污垢，以及對政治迫害的受害者進行賠償等問題。一些學者在會上指出，雖然阿爾巴尼亞組建了共產主義罪行研究所，但在清除共產主義污垢方面做得還是不夠令人滿意。
與所有共產黨執政的國家一樣，在斯大林的堅定追隨者——前阿爾巴尼亞共產黨黨魁霍查（Hoxha），領導共產黨的幾十年中，阿爾巴尼亞人民經歷了無數血腥、恐怖和暴力。有30%的人遭受了政治迫害和各種清洗。
最新調查結果顯示，在阿爾巴尼亞，未經法院審判就被秘密處決的人，多達1萬3千人，其中絕大多數人的屍骨至今不能被家屬們找到。
此外，共產黨的鬥爭哲學也在阿爾巴尼亞共產黨內體現的淋漓盡致，幾乎所有與霍查「併肩作戰」的阿爾巴尼亞共產黨高層黨魁，都在內部權力鬥爭中，被「清洗」掉。
旅德政治學家仲維光：「霍查對於民眾的迫害，我們每一個經過文化大革命的人都有所體會，那個時候在1966年中國最黑暗的年代，阿爾巴尼亞是中國最友好的朋友。因此霍查和中共一樣，也是一位最典型的斯大林主義者，它們都是建立在對民眾迫害的基礎上的。大家可以看看共產黨人對於它們內部黨派鬥爭的殘酷，你就明白它對於民眾一定會更加殘酷、更加血腥。」
隨著東歐共產黨國家的相繼解體，阿爾巴尼亞也沒能例外，但是當時的執政者擔心自己會像羅馬尼亞共產黨黨魁齊奧塞斯庫一樣，被人民就地處決，而不得不主動放棄政權。
仲維光：「阿爾巴尼亞不會沒有持不同政見者，只不過是由於它的殘酷決定了持不同政見者的聲音微弱。這其實和中國是一樣的，由於中共的殘酷，中國在80年代基本上沒有持不同政見者發出聲音的地方，只有共產黨內所謂改革派的聲音。而改革派，其實就是為了救共產黨，所以在中國89年的時候，並沒有有勇氣的、有影響的異議人士能夠站出來。」
學者們指出，與東歐其他前共產黨國家相比，阿爾巴尼亞在清算共產主義罪行、清除共產主義污垢方面做得並不讓人滿意。這是因為在1990年阿爾巴尼亞結束了長達48年的一黨專制後，共產黨權貴依然可以繼續留在政府部門，甚至搖身一變，成為了阿爾巴尼亞社會黨。這種不徹底的轉型，就導致了阿爾巴尼亞在成為民主國家之後，並沒有迎來預期中的經濟和政治上的迅速改善，而是在很長一段時間陷入政黨之間的權力紛爭。
仲維光：「我認為無論它換了甚麼樣的黨的名義，首要的一定是清查歷史，清除歷史。這樣才能夠防止這個黨在現在掛羊頭賣狗肉。我認為在東歐很多國家出現的混亂的現象，都是因為這些前共產黨人變化的不徹底，或者說它們自己對於以前沒有認識，或者說這個社會對於它們的監督不夠，因此使得這些人在向民主社會的變化過程中能夠渾水摸魚。」
旅居德國研究集權社會的權威學者仲維光指出，中國大陸直到99年之後，民間才開始出現不同的聲音，尤其在2004年《九評共產黨》發表以後，越來越多的大陸民眾開始認清了中共的本質。而在這之前，那些黨內所謂的改革聲音，對於共產黨來說，都不會發生根本的變化，只是推延歷史的發展。
仲維光表示，阿爾巴尼亞給中國人的教訓就是，只有徹底拋棄共產黨——退黨，才是改變中國最根本的方法。
採訪編輯/張天宇 後製/陳建銘
Albania, a Lesson for the Chinese.
In a recent meeting in Moscow held by the NGO Memorial
Human Rights Center, former Communist regime Albania
was discussed: how to face the history of political persecution,
how to clean the debris of Communism, and
how to compensate victims of the political persecution.
Scholars said in the meeting that setting up research into
Communist crime is not enough to completely
clean out the remains of communism in Albania.
Like the other Communist regimes, Albania had
experienced bloody terror and violence under the leadership
of Hoxha, the firm follower of Stalin.
Thirty percent of Albanians were politically persecuted
or cleansed.
Voice of America quoted scholars in the meeting,
whose latest survey showed as many as 13,000 Albanians were
secretly executed without trial.
The whereabouts of their remains unknown to this date.
In addition, the Communist struggle philosophy was vividly
displayed in Albania.
Hoxha’s comrades at the Central were nearly all “cleansed"
in the internal power struggle.
Zhong Weiguang, political scientist:
“The persecution Hoxha conducted was very familiar to us,
who have been through the Cultural Revolution.
In the darkest era of China, 1966, Albania was the dearest
friend of China.
Hoxha was one of the most typical Stalinists.
Like the CCP, they were built on the persecution of the people.
The cruel internal party struggles demonstrate that the people
would only get even more brutal and bloody violence."
The collapse of Eastern Europe caused the Albania leader
to resign in fear of the same fate as Romanian
Communist leader Nicolae Ceausescu-execution
by the people on the spot.
Zhong Weiguang: “Albania did not have political dissidents.
The cruelty had made dissident voices weak.
It was the same in China. In the 80s, there were no voices
from dissidents, but only reformists from within the Communist
Party, who were merely trying to save the CCP.
That is the reason why in 1989, there were no dissidents
of courage and influence."
Scholars in the meeting mentioned that, compared with other
former communist countries in Eastern Europe,
the effort of Albania to settle communist
crimes has been unsatisfactory, reported the VOA.
In 1990, Albania ended 48 years of one-party dictatorship
by the Communist Party.
However, the elite party members continued to work
in government and became the Albanian Socialist Party.
This incomplete transformation of the democratic Albania
is believed to have resulted in slow improvement in economy
and politics.
The country remains in prolonged power disputes
among political parties.
Zhong Weiguang: “I believe, regardless of the ruling party,
the priority is to understand history in order to prevent
the replacing party from repeating the same mistake.
I think the chaos in much of Eastern Europe has been caused
by the incomplete transformation from former Communism.
It could also be said that in fact, they have not learned about
their own countries.
The societal supervision has not fully functioned.
In the transformation into a democratic society,
these people get to fish in troubled waters."
Zhong Weiguang is an authoritative figure in totalitarian
research, currently living in Germany.
He says that different voices were not heard in mainland
China until 1999.
Since the publication “Nine Commentaries on the Communist
Party" in 2004, many more people began to recognize
the nature of the CCP.
Prior to this, those so-called reformists were not expected
to cause any fundamental changes to the CCP,
but postpone the development of history.
Zhong Weiguang believes the lesson from Albania is that only
in complete abandonment of Communism —
and denouncement of the CCP,
will China have a fundamental transformation.
Interview & Edit/Zhang Tianyu Post-Production/Chen Jianming
