【新唐人2013年02月25日訊】日前，中共政治局會議討論了國務院機構「大部制」改革方案，並決定將方案提交即將召開的十八屆二中全會討論。大陸媒體透露，這次國務院內閣改組，重點在於強化市場監管和整合完善交通運輸等領域的管理體制，但民眾期待的「大能源」、「大文化」和「大體改委」等，並不在其中。
據《新華社》報導，中共總書記習近平在2月23號主持召開了政治局會議。會議討論了《國務院機構改革和職能轉變方案（草案）》稿。
草案內容包括：民政部擴大社會管理等方面的權責﹔國務院食品安全委員會辦公室與現有的食品安全監管部門進行整合，成立專門的市場秩序監管部門﹔國家海洋局擴權，強化海洋綜合管理許可權﹔而各界呼籲最多的鐵道部與交通運輸部也有可能進行整合。
大陸《財新網》認為，本輪大部制的所謂最大「驚喜」，是全國食品安全監管改革，有可能設立一個名為「市場秩序監管總局」的機構，並把食品安全交由地方政府負總責，減少中央政府干預。
當前中國大陸有毒食品氾濫成災，環境也遭到嚴重污染。對於「大部制」能否真正解決這個民生問題，旅美的中國社會問題研究人士張健表示﹕「根本不可能」!
旅美中國社會問題研究人士 張健：「在中國解決食品安全問題，就像解決貪污腐敗一樣，在這個時刻已經病入膏肓，無藥可醫，除非這個體制改變。這個體制存在的一天，就會有毒奶粉，就會有毒水、毒空氣。只有這個體制徹底的崩潰瓦解，還政於民的時候，中國所有的問題都會迎刃而解，無論是體改問題、食品安全問題。」
《財新網》還認為，本輪「大部制」改革最大的遺憾，是「新體改委」被擱置。在此之前，大陸學術界普遍寄望於打破政府自身利益傾向，重新成立類似於國家體改委的實體性改革協調機構，牽頭推進經濟體制改革。
旅美中國社會問題研究人士 張健：「新體改委被擱置，這是大家覺得好像匪夷所思的事情。認為習近平當選之後，為甚麼對政治體制改革不進行呢？也可以看到中共歷來所作的表現，中共對體制改革的需求，就是要延續它的統治，去盤剝人民，去竊取國有資產，這就是中共的所作為。」
另外，「國家海洋局」將獲得擴權，以強化海洋管理權限﹔此舉被視為是針對東海和南海的主權糾紛。不過，民眾期待的能源部、文化部、廣電部、與體育總局等合併，卻都沒有列入這輪「大部制」範圍。
對於各界呼籲最多的鐵道部與交通部的合併，北京獨立學者章立凡對香港《蘋果日報》表示，鐵道部早在多年前已經計劃併入交通部，但遭到時任鐵道部長劉志軍的強力反對，加上江澤民包庇，鐵道部儼如獨立王國，無人敢動﹔現在劉志軍已經因為貪腐落馬，各界要求撤併鐵道部的呼聲日高，這次鐵道和交通部的改組，將是判斷改革力度的標誌之一。
不過「中國社會民主黨」中央委員會主持人劉因全也指出，長期以來，中共官員腐敗嚴重、效率低下的問題得不到解決，是因為人民沒有實質的監察權。而專制體制下，行政部門的修修補補不能解決根本問題。
「中國社會民主黨」中央委員會主持人 劉因全：「像大部制，進行一些體制的合併調整，多少可能提高一些效率，這方面的作用會有一些。但是不可能從根本上解決中國的體制問題，更不可能解決人民普遍反感的政治腐敗、效率低下、官僚主義這一些問題。」
一位接近方案討論的專家還向《財新網》透露，草案仍然存在變化的可能，提交十八屆二中全會討論之後，「大部制」改革方案才有望「定盤」。
採訪/常春 編輯/李明飛 後製/陳建銘
Draft of the “Big Department System” Exposed Expected “Regime Reform Committee” Might Abort
Recently, the reform draft of the “Big Department System”
was discussed in the Political Bureau conference.
The draft will be submitted to the approaching
second plenary meeting of the 18th CCP Central Committee for further discussion.
As disclosed by China’s media, the re-organization of the
State Council aims to strengthen market supervision and
to improve administrative management on
the transportation system.
Nevertheless, the reform that people would like to see on
“energy”, “culture” and the establishment of a “regime reform committee” are not part of the re-org.
As reported by the state-run “Xinhua News Agency”,
Xi Jinping held a Political bureau conference on February 23.
In the conference, the attendees discussed the draft of
“Structure Reform and Function Transformation of the State Council” (Big Department System).
The content of the draft includes: Ministry of Civil Affairs’
duty in social administration will be enlarged;
Food Safety Committee of the State Council will be
merged with Food safety Supervision Department;
a new , Market Supervision Department,
will be established;
power of the National Bureau of Oceanography will
be enlarged, and comprehensive marine management will be strengthened;
the Ministry of Railways and the Department of
Transportation might be merged.
“Caixin.com” stated that the so-called “biggest surprise” is
reform on national food safety supervision.
It’s possible that a new structure named
“Market Supervision Administration” might be established.
Local governments will be responsible for food safety,
with little intervention from the central government.
Currently, poisoned food is widely rampant in mainland China.
Pollution is destroying the environment.
Is it possible that this reform can solve the real
living problems of the Chinese people?
Zhang Jian, Scholar in China’s social issues, claimed that
it will be impossible.
Zhang Jian: “In China, solving food safety problems is
as challenging as solving corruption problems.
Up to now, it’s already been a wreck and rotten to the core.
The political regime must be reformed; otherwise,
there will be no hope of changing anything.
As long as the communist regime exists another day,
there will be poisoned milk powder, poisoned water and poisoned air.
Only when the communist regime collapses,
can all issues in China be solved.”
“Caixin.com” stated that the biggest regret of
the proposed reform is that “the Committee of Regime Reform” itself aborted.
The academic circles in China had been hoping that
the government could put aside its own interest and
establish a structure that can lead and advance
reform in China’s economic system.
Zhang Jian: “People cannot understand why ‘the
Committee of Regime Reform’ was put aside,
they wonder why Xi Jinping is not continuing
political reform after taking office.
Based on the facts, the conclusion can be drawn that
the subject of political reform is only raised by the communists as an aid in maintaining rule.
This means that they can continue exploiting people and
stealing national property.
This is exactly what the Chinese Communist Party has
been doing for years.”
In the draft, power of the National Bureau of Oceanography
will be enlarged to strengthen marine management.
This move was seen as related to China’s East Sea and
South Sea sovereignty dispute.
Nevertheless, the Department of Energy, Ministry of Culture,
Radio and Television Department,
and the State General Administration of Sports
were not listed in the draft.
What people would like to see most is the combination of
the Ministry of Railways with the Department of Transportation.
Zhang Lifan, an independent scholar in China, told Hong Kong’s
“Apple Daily” that it had been part of the plan that
the Ministry of Railways would have been merged into
the Department of Transportation years ago.
However, the plan was strongly opposed by Liu Zhijun,
head of the Ministry of Railways at the time.
With support from Jiang Zemin, the Ministry of Railways
is like an independent kingdom and nobody dares to touch it.
Liu Zhijun has fallen due to corruption, and people are
calling for the removal of the Ministry of Railways and
for it’s merging with the Department of Transportation,
this last will be a sign of the potency of the reform.
Liu Yinquan, Director of the Central Committee of the
“Social Democratic Party of China”, pointed out that
the root problems of corruption and inefficiency of
China’s officials cannot be solved through repairing the administration structure here and there.
The main reason is that people don’t have any real
supervisory power in such an authoritarian system.
Lin Yinquan: “The reform of combining and adjusting
some government units, to a certain extent,
an improve the efficiencies of the officials involved.
However, it cannot solve the root problems of
China’s political system.
It’s impossible for it to solve the problems of corruption,
inefficiency and bureaucracy that people are most against ”
A specialist involved in discussion of the Draft disclosed to
“Caixin.com” that it’s possible that the draft would be changed.
Only after it is discussed in second plenary meeting of the
18th CCP Central Committee, will it be finally determined.
