【新唐人2014年11月03日訊】莫斯科近來舉行了一個揭露上個世紀30年代，斯大林大清洗的展覽。展覽展現了蘇共政權製造的紅色恐怖，以及專制政權大清洗的暴行。而當時身在蘇聯的很多華人，他們也受到了清洗和迫害。請看報導。
10月30號，是俄羅斯的政治迫害遇難者日，在莫斯科薩哈羅夫中心舉辦了一個名叫「1937-1938年大恐怖」的展覽。展覽通過視頻、圖片以及遇難者後人的回憶，介紹了當年的斯大林大清洗。
展出的視頻和圖片資料，全部由波蘭攝影師托馬斯拍攝製作。照片是托馬斯根據目前已公開的俄羅斯國家檔案館，和紀念碑人權組織收藏的資料進行翻拍。
托馬斯曾參與並用鏡頭記錄了波蘭共產黨的倒臺，他還在上世紀90年代出版了有關古拉格集中營的圖片集。自2008年起，他曾多次訪問俄羅斯、白俄羅斯和烏克蘭等地，並完成了「1937年-1938年大恐怖」一書。
其實，斯大林在1936到1939年期間究竟「大清洗」了多少人，至今還是個謎，但官方零星公布的數字已足夠令人瞠目結舌。
中共《文史參考》雜誌曾披露，斯大林在「大清洗」期間共逮捕了120萬蘇共黨員，佔當時黨員總數的一半﹔139個蘇共中央委員，89個被槍決﹔蘇共十七大的1966個代表 「消失」了1108個。軍隊的清洗則更為慘烈：如紅軍中5位元帥中的3位、15位大將中的13位、186位師長中的154位等等，都被處以死刑。
按照前東德秘密警察檔案，僅從1937年到1938年一年中，斯大林本人就簽署了681,692人的處決命令。
1987年年底，蘇共成立了一個由政治局委員雅科夫列夫領導的委員會處理平反問題。雅科夫列夫在2000年接受記者採訪時說，斯大林鎮壓的犧牲者涉及2000萬人，也許還要多。這就是說，斯大林迫害死的人口超過全蘇聯總人口的1/10。
此外，斯大林在大清洗中也涉及到了居住在蘇聯遠東的華僑華工。有文章披露，當時僅被流放到北極圈，任其自生自滅者不下30萬人，像符拉迪沃斯托克這樣的城市，華僑一個也不準居留。
波蘭攝影師托馬斯說，2010年，他在離符拉迪沃斯托克14公里遠的一個村莊的公路旁，發現了被斯大林大清洗中，被處決華人的大規模集體墓葬。他還記得當時在墓地中發現了鴉片、煙槍。
「微視頻」主持人趙培表示，沙俄雖然把《尼布楚條約》簽訂的邊界，向南推到符拉迪沃斯托克，但那時還允許一些華人在那裏居住，但到了蘇共政權，對華人則是毫無顧忌的屠殺。
趙培：「沙俄只是強佔了土地，對遠東華人進行剝削的一個狀態，他並沒有把這些人都殺乾淨。到了蘇共上臺之後，對這地區的華人進行了大規模種族屠殺。」
趙培表示，所有共產政權都會對本國人、外國人屠殺，因為它只考慮它的政權，哪怕對政權構成一點點危機，都會把他們屠殺掉。
在柬埔寨共產黨的赤棉統治期間，就曾導致估計超過300萬柬埔寨人死亡，佔當時柬全國人口的近一半。
中國民主大學校長唐伯橋指出，世界公認的20世紀的三大毒瘤是納粹、法西斯和共產主義，但共產主義存在時間更長，破壞力也更大。
中國民主大學校長唐伯橋：「中共在半個多世紀造成了8千多萬人的非正常死亡，蘇聯斯大林時代差不多2千萬人被迫害致死， 這是一個非常慘絕人寰的歷史時期。現在中共對人類的迫壞、對中國的破害還沒有結束。」
不過，唐伯橋指出，自從《九評共產黨》問世後，越來越多的中國人了解了中共的本質後，選擇退出了中共。他表示，目前中國大陸維權運動風起雲湧，香港民主活動也如火如荼，這些都是在向「去共產主義」、結束殘暴專制政權的方向在走。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/宋風 後製/蕭宇
Moscow Exhibits Historical Records of Massacre Against Chinese During Great Purge
Not long ago, an exhibition revealing the truth of Stalin’s
Great Purge in 1930’s Moscow.
The exhibition shows acts of horror and savagery under
Communist Party dictatorship of the Soviet Union (CPSU).
Many Chinese living in the Soviet Union during that period
were also subject to political persecution.
Let’s look at the report below.
Oct. 30 marks the Day of Remembrance for Victims
of Political Repression in Russia.
An exhibition of “1937-1938: The Great Terror"
was held in Moscow on that day.
The exhibition introduces truth about Stalin’s Great Purge
with videos, photos and memories from victims’ descendants.
All video and photo archives of the exhibition were provided
by Polish photographer Tomasz.
Tomasz remade the photos according to historical records
kept in Russia’s State Archive or by Memorial Human Rights.
Tomasz recorded the collapse of the Communist Party
of Poland with his camera.
In the mid 1990’s, he also published a photo album
about the Gulag.
Since 2008, Tomasz visited Russia, Belarus and Ukraine many
times to finish his new book 1937-1938: The Great Terror.
The fact is people still don’t know exactly how many
were killed by Stalin between 1936 and 1939.
However, fragmentary facts officially announced
are already astonishing.
The CCP’s magazine Wenshicankao (Cultural and Historical
Records for Reference) revealed that Stalin had arrested
1.2 million CPSU members, or half of his party members,
during the Great Purge.
89 of 139 Central Committee members were executed.
Among 1,966 delegates of the CPSU’s 17th National Congress,
1,108 “disappeared" during the movement.
The situation was even worse in the army.
Three of five marshals were sentenced to death.
Thirteen of 15 senior generals,
154 of 186 divisional commanders were also executed.
According to records of East Germany’s secret police,
Stalin had signed 681,692 execution orders within
only one year and a half between 1937 and 1938.
By the end of 1987, CPSU set up a committee
for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression,
headed by Alexander Yakovlev.
In 2000, Yakovlev said in an interview that 20 million or
more people were victims of Stalin’s political suppression.
That is to say, Stalin had killed over one tenth
of the total population in Soviet Union.
In addition, Stalin’s Great Purge involved Chinese workers
living in the Far East.
There are articles revealing that at least 300,000
were exiled and left around the Arctic Circle.
In cities such as Vladivostok, no Chinese were allowed
to stay and live.
Tomasz said that in 2010, he found a collective burial
of executed Chinese during the Great Purge beside
a village road 14 kilometers away from Vladivostok.
He remembered he saw opium and smoking guns
in the burial.
NTD “Micro Footage" anchor Zhao Bei said Tsarist Russia
extended its border with China to more southern areas
including Vladivostok than that regulated
by the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
Despite that, Chinese were still allowed to stay until the CPSU
took power and began to recklessly kill Chinese living there.
Zhao Pei: “Tsarist Russia grabbed the land and exploited
Chinese living in the Far East, but it did not kill all Chinese.
After the CPSU took power, it committed genocide
against Chinese in that region."
Zhao Pei said all Communist Party regimes committed
massacres both against their own people and foreigners.
They did that simply to “protect" their power.
They would kill anyone that they considered a threat,
even if it was only tiny threat to their regimes.
Under the Khmer Rouge rule in Cambodia, it is estimated
that over 3 million Cambodians had died.
The figure almost reached half of the state’s total population
at that time.
Academy of China,
said Nazism, Fascism and Communism are widely regarded
as the major three evil theories of the 20th century.
Among the three, Communism lasts the longest
and is thus the most destructive.
Tang Boqiao: “The Chinese Communist Party had led to over
80 million unnatural deaths within 50 years in China.
In the Soviet Union, nearly 20 million were persecuted
to death during Stalin’s era.
Those are among the most astonishing tragedy eras
in human history.
The CCP’s persecution over China and the whole world
is still not over."
Tang Boqiao said that since the release
of the Nine Commentaries on Communist Party,
an increasing number of Chinese have learned about
the CCP’s truth and quit the party.
Rights defending incidents become more active
in mainland China and similar things happen
to democratic movements in Hong Kong.
Tang said these are signals that China is in the process
of kicking Communism to the curb and the atrocity
of one-party dictatorship will be brought to an end.
Interview/ChenHan Edit/SongFeng Post-Production/XiaoYu