【新唐人2013年09月25日訊】中共國務院批准的唯一一個自由貿易試驗區——上海自貿試驗區，一週後就要開張了，至今為止，還沒有公布具體細節。這個由中共總理李克強推出的「早產兒」，是否能存活下去，能否真正成為「自由貿易區」？參與「自貿區」調研的學者，向本臺記者爆光了部分存在的障礙。記者發稿前發現，上海已經悄然掛上了「中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區」的牌子。
9月24號，原來立在上海楊高北路上的，「外高橋保稅區2號門」的牌子悄然消失，取而代之的是「中國(上海)自由貿易試驗區」。據報導，9月26號，上海市人大常務委員會將舉行會議，審議有關「上海自由貿易區」地方性法規規定的草案。
「上海自由貿易試驗區」範圍涵蓋外高橋保稅區、外高橋保稅物流園區、洋山保稅港區和浦東機場綜合保稅區等，四個海關直屬監管區域。
據了解，企業法人可以在「自貿區」完成人民幣自由兌換。試點內容還涉及利率市場化、匯率自由匯兌、金融業的對外開放、產品創新等內容，以及一些離岸業務。
受命參與「上海自由貿易區」調研的中國金融智庫研究員鞏勝利，9月23號接受《新唐人》專訪時透露，隨著「亞太自由貿易區(TPP)」，和「歐美自由貿易區(TTIP)」的推動，中國完全被遮罩在自由貿易區之外，對中國的經濟構成了毀滅性的打擊，給中國的出口形成了要命的壁壘。面對這種巨大的危險，中共國務院總理李克強突破重重障礙，推出了「上海自由貿易試驗區」。
鞏勝利說，今年5月李克強把「上海自貿區」報備全國人大時，遇到3大障礙：第一，中國現行法律規定，外資企業投資不能佔51%，否則屬於違法。第二，中國現在企業稅收為25%，「自貿區」的稅收只能是15%，第三是管理機制問題，自由貿易實行國家與國家之間實施零關稅之後，對政府運行成本最高的中國來說，是一個巨大的挑戰。
中國金融智庫研究員鞏勝利：「因為國家（中共）的運行成本是全球最高的，一個是國家運行，一個是黨，黨也要在國家的財政裡面分一杯羹來養活他們，未來的企業競爭就是成本之爭，國家的成本高的話，對這些企業都是毀滅性的打擊。」
「上海自由貿易區」制定了98項具體細節。據鞏勝利透露，試驗區在上海進行自由貿易試驗3年後，試圖推向全中國。如果這條路走不通，「歐美自由貿易區」和「亞太自由貿易區」一旦上路，對中國將是一個毀滅性的打擊。
鞏勝利：「我看了一下內部的資料，在這裡面註冊的企業不需要審批了，註冊了就可以運行了，但是它的賬戶只能設立一個，那銀監會也好，中國人民銀行來監控的話都有可能了，但是你想國外的企業，它的賬號是自己願意怎麼開就怎麼開，和國際接軌又存在一些問題了。」
鞏勝利指出，金融監管機構——中國銀監會，是這些試驗的最大阻力。
鞏勝利：「7月份之前，就是人民銀行銀監會不同意，後來在北戴河的會議上，據說李克強都發怒了，他說現在中國貨幣和全世界的貨幣都存在一些障礙，如果不突破這個障礙，中國製造，中國經濟再往哪裏去，後來習近平參加俄羅斯的會議也提出來這個問題。」
鞏勝利認為，如果人民幣不能自由兌換，和全世界貨幣相容，試驗區等於紙上談兵。
中國加入「世貿組織」12年後，「入世」紅利已漸漸耗竭，與發達國家在經濟、貿易上的矛盾卻越來越突出。
鞏勝利：「中國（中共）有這個意思，就是想以國內這種自由貿易區來試驗了以後，來完成TPP或TTIP這兩大自由貿易區的適應過程，這種初衷應該是好的，但是中國的這個黨和政的關係，運行起來可能還會出現很多的問題和阻力。」
「自由貿易區」成立後，國有企業、私人企業和國外企業都享有同樣的待遇。而由中共歷代領導人後代占有的國有企業，將失去特權，包括資金、資源等方面的優勢。鞏勝利說，中國的國營企業也就成為了自由貿易區的最大障礙之一。
採訪編輯/劉惠 後製/陳建銘
Shanghai Free Trade Area Faces Obstacles
The only pilot free trade area approved by China’s
State Council, the Shanghai FTA, will open next week.
So far, no specific details have been announced.
Can this “premature child”, launched by the Chinese Premier
Li Keqiang, survive and become a “free trade zone"?
A scholar who participated in free trade zone research
exposed some of the obstacles to our correspondent.
Reporters found Shanghai has erected “China (Shanghai)
Free Trade Test Area" signs before news was released.
On September 24, the sign for “Waigaoqiao Free Trade
Zone Second Door” which was established on the
Shanghai Yang Gao North Road was quietly removed.
It was replaced by, “China (Shanghai) Free Trade Test Area.”
It is reported that Shanghai Standing
Committee will hold a meeting.
The meeting will be to consider the draft of “Shanghai
Free Trade Zone" local regulations on September 26.
The “Shanghai Free Trade Test Area"
covers four customs supervision zones.
These are Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Pudong
Airport Free Trade Zone Waigaoqiao Bonded
Logistics Park, and Yangshan Bonded Port.
It is understood that the corporate legal entity can
do RMB exchange freely in a “free trade zone" (FTZ).
Pilot content also involves the interest rate
market, free exchange rates, the international
financial industry, and product innovation.
It will also involve some offshore businesses.
Gong Shengli is a researcher at the
China Financial Intelligence Unit.
Gong participated in research on
the “Shanghai Free Trade Zone.”
On September 23, Gong spoke with NTD in an interview,
and revealed that with the growth of “Asia-Pacific free
trade zone (TPP),” and “Europe Free Trade Area (TTIP)”,
China is entirely blocked outside of the free trade zones.
It is a devastating blow to China’s economy
and creates terrible barriers to china’s export.
Facing this great danger, Premier Li Keqiang broke through
barriers and launched the Shanghai Free Trade Test Area.
Gong Shengli said Li Keqiang encountered three major
obstacles when he filed the Shanghai Free Trade Zone
to the National Peoples Congress in May this year.
Firstly, under current Chinese law, foreign investment
cannot reach 51%, otherwise it becomes illegal.
Secondly, current Chinese corporate tax is 25% but,
“free trade zone" tax can only take 15% of revenue.
Thirdly the management mechanism is a problem.
It is a big challenge with the implementation of free trade
between countries after the implementation of zero tariff.
This is because the Chinese regime
has the highest operating costs.
Gong Shengli: “The Chinese Communist Party
(CCP) operating cost is the highest in the world.
This is because both state operations, and the party,
feed themselves with a piece of the country’s finances.
Since future business competition is the cost competition,
high state costs are a devastating blow to those companies.”
Shanghai Free Trade has developed 98 specific details.
As Gong Shengli revealed, free trade will be launched
nationwide, following a 3 year pilot in Shanghai.
It would be a devastating blow to China, with Europe and the
United States free trade and the Asia-Pacific free trade zone
on the right track, but the Shanghai zone leading nowhere.
Gong Shengli: “You can only register one
account without approval in the free trade zone.
No matter who monitors it, foreign companies
accounts cannot be set up as they like.
We might have more problems
with the tide of world development.”
Gong Shengli pointed out that the financial
regulator is the biggest obstacle to these tests.
Gong Shengli: “It is said that Li Keqiang
got angry in the Beidaihe meeting.
This was because the People’s Bank of China Banking
Regulatory Commission disagreed with it before July.
Li Keqiang said Chinese currency and
global currency are facing some obstacles.
How can China economy and manufacturing industry
grow without breaking through these barriers?
Later, Xi Jinping raised the same issue in a Russia meeting.
Gong Shengli believes the test zone is an armchair strategy.
That is, if RMB can not be exchanged freely,
and be compatible with global currencies.
12 years after China’s accession to the WTO, the
“WTO accession" bonus has been gradually exhausted.
The contradiction with developed countries in terms
of economy and trade has become more prominent.
Gong Shengli: “The original intention of a free trade zone
is to accomplish China’s adaptive process to TPP or TTIP.
However, the CCP can make free trade zone
implementation face many problems and obstacles.”
State-owned enterprises, private enterprises
and foreign enterprises are entitled to the same
treatment after the establishment of a FTA.
But state-owned enterprises occupied by
descendants of CCP officials will lose privileges.
This includes funding, resources and other advantages.
Gong Shengli said that China’s state-owned enterprises
are one of the biggest obstacles of a free trade zone.