【新唐人2015年01月13日訊】中國大陸因為擁有眾多國際品牌的代工廠，而被稱為「世界工廠」。但由於近年來大陸整體經濟低迷和生產成本上升等原因，這些企業面臨的壓力越來越大。就在去年年底，蘇州兩家大型工廠相繼停產或倒閉，造成大批工人失業。下面就讓我們來看看專家的分析。
2014年12月5號，大陸知名手機零部件代工廠——蘇州聯建科技宣佈倒閉。此前不久，位於蘇州胥口鎮的另一家大廠——諾基亞手機零部件供應商閎暉科技，也宣佈關門停產，並遣散了大部分員工。
對此，中國產業經濟觀察家芮宇文表示，代工廠的倒閉主要是因為近年來人力成本、房屋租金、土地成本、交通物流等成本不斷增加，使企業經營負擔加重、利潤空間變小。此外，代工企業的經營利潤本身就比較低，在外界經濟形勢不太好、訂單不足的情況下，企業就很難保證利潤。
中國產業經濟觀察家芮宇文：「到現在為止，有一部分品牌商會把自己的訂單轉移到東南亞，一些生產成本更低的地方。」
芮宇文談到，目前中國東南沿海地帶、珠江三角洲、長江三角洲等地區的生產成本不斷升高，於是一批品牌商，就把訂單轉向成本更低廉的，大陸中西部內陸省份﹔也有一些企業，通過引進自動化程度更高的設備，來節省人力成本。
北京國情內參首席研究員鞏勝利，則分析了代加工企業危機的大背景和深層因素。鞏勝利認為，中國現在正面臨從未遇到過的通貨緊縮局面，這將波及所有產業。除此之外，人民幣的貨幣使用成本，與美元的使用成本相差大概20多倍，這造成了最源頭的成本差異。
北京國情內參首席研究員鞏勝利：「貨幣的成本置高了，它的產業所有的產出利潤都被攤薄了。」
大陸《華夏時報》報導，閎暉科技是台灣上市公司閎暉實業下屬企業，主要生產手機和汽車部件，最多時有一萬多名員工，去年11月份已經完全停產。數據顯示，公司去年前三季度稅後虧損，高達12.65億元新臺幣，約合人民幣2.5億元。
《華夏時報》披露，去年10月份，僅在廣東東莞地區，就有包括台灣興鴻鞋廠在內的十多家大型代工企業破產。
大陸企業觀察員何軍樵：「我認為這種危機面還會擴大。第一出口方面現在已經非常不好，大家都知道的。然後生產成本費用在不斷的翻升，這也是事實。以及其他的管理成本和稅費成本，這些成本加在一起的話，這種低端工廠真的是很難維持。」
大陸企業觀察員何軍樵還談到，大陸的金融秩序比較混亂，很多企業家利用工廠貸款，套取銀行資金去炒股炒樓，最後導致資金鏈斷裂。
何軍樵：「整個經濟面是非常差的，這種工廠還會倒很多的。在中國目前做實業的是越來越少，玩金融的是越來越多。因為做實業非常的辛苦，也賺不到甚麼錢，風險又很大。」
聯建科技是台灣勝華科技旗下子公司，曾經是蘋果公司手機屏幕供應商，也與北京小米科技有過幾年合作。聯建科技鼎盛時有員工兩萬多人，但到了2014年，公司經營每況愈下，倒閉前只有3000多名員工。
據報導，工廠去年12月5號宣佈關閉後，失業工人對補償方案不滿，當天有大約2000多人聚集到工廠門口抗議並上訪。後來公司提高了補償標準，事件才得以平息。
採訪/易如 編輯/李謙 後製/舒燦
Closure of Two Foundry Plants Aggravates the Crisis
of Manufacture Outsources in China
Known by many as “the factory of the world", Mainland China
is re-known for its numerous factories.
However, these enterprises are facing increasing pressure
in terms of the overall economic downturn and rising
production costs in China in recent years.
Just at the end of last year, two large foundry factories
in Suzhou City were closed down,
resulting in a large number of workers unemployed.
Let’s take a look at the analysis from the experts.
On Dec. 5, 2014, well-known mainland mobile phone parts
enterprise – Suzhou Lianjian Technology,
declared bankruptcy.
Not long before, Hong Hui Technology also announced
the closure of its plant, laying off most of its employees
Hong Hui is located in Xukou Town of Suzhou City
and is a huge supplier of Nokia mobile phone parts.
In response to the incident, China’s industrial economy
watcher Rui Yuwen said,
the foundry factory closures in recent years,
are mainly due to the increase in labor costs,
rents, land costs, and logistic costs,
which then aggravates the business burden and narrows
the profit margins.
In addition, the operating profits of foundry enterprises
are relatively low.
Under the circumstance of a downturn, external economic
conditions and insufficient orders,
creates difficulty for these enterprises to make a profit and remain
viable within economic interests.
Rui Yuwen: “Until now, some brands transfer their orders to the
factories in Southeast Asia,
where lower costs in production exist."
Rui Yuwen believes that the current production costs
in Southeastern China’s coastal areas, the Pearl River Delta,
Yangtze River Delta and other regions, continue to rise,
so a number of brands transfer their orders
to cheaper western inland provinces of Mainland China;
Some companies attempt to save labor costs
through introducing a higher degree
of automation equipment.
Gong Shengli is Chief Researcher of Beijing State Condition
Internal Reference,
he analyses the macro background and deep-level reasons
of crisis of foundry factories in Mainland China.
Gong Shengli believes that China is now facing an
unprecedented deflation situation, and this will affect all industries.
In addition, the costs of using RMB as a currency,
are about 20 times that of the US dollar,
which is the origin of the cost difference.
Gong Shengli: “The cost of money is set high, and hence
all other industrial profits are diluted."
Mainland “China Times" reported that Hong Hui Technology
is affiliated with Taiwan’s public listed Silitech Company,
and mainly produces mobile phones and car parts, having
up to more than 10,000 employees,
Hong Hui Technology was closed down last November.
It is reported that during the first three quarters of last year,
the company’s after-tax loss, reached up to
250 million RMB (US$ 40 million).
“China Times" revealed that in last October, just in Dongguan
of Guangdong Province,
more than a dozen major footwear manufacturing enterprises
including Taiwan-Che-hung Footwear Factory, went bankrupt.
He Junqiao, observer of enterprises in Mainland China:
“I think such crisis will expand.
Because, at first, the exports now are very bad, as we all know.
Second, the cost of production is constantly escalating,
and this is a fact as well.
Then other administrative costs and tax costs are added
together, and this is really hard
to maintain at the low end of the factory’s abilities."
He Junqiao also said that the financial order
in China was chaotic.
Many entrepreneurs took advantage of the enterprise loan
to lever bank funds, investing in the stocks and properties
for speculation, finally this led to breaks in the fund chain.
He Junqiao: “The whole economy is in a very poor situation,
and a large number of such plants will be closed down.
In China, less and less enterprises are currently
going to engage in industries,
but more and more enterprises are becoming
involved in financial investments.
Because it is very difficult engaging in industry production,
such enterprises are unable to make much profit
but comes with a high risk."
Lianjian Technology is a subsidiary of Taiwan’s Wintek Company,
which is Apple’s mobile phone screen supplier.
It cooperated with Beijing Xiaomi Technology
for quite a few years.
Lianjian Technology had 20,000 workers inits heyday,
but by 2014, the company operated from bad to worse,
it had only more than 3,000 employees
just before its collapse.
According to the new reports, when the plant announced
its closure on Dec. 5 of last year, the unemployed workers
were dissatisfied with the compensation scheme.
About 2,000 workers gathered to protest and appeal
at the factory’s gates .
Later, the company increased its compensation standards,
and the event ended peacefully.
Interview/YiRu Edit/LiQian Post-Production/ShuCan
