【新唐人2012年9月12日訊】目前就釣魚島的主權問題，中日衝突不斷升級。根據日本新聞網報導，9月11號上午，日本政府與釣魚島「土地權所有者」栗原家族正式簽署了島嶼的「買賣合同」，購買金額為20.5億日元。日本當天上午完成了購買釣魚島的交易，並宣佈撤換日本駐中國大使。而在日本政府宣佈購買釣魚島，並「國有化」的同時，中共喉舌《新華社》報導，中國海監船，已抵達釣魚島外圍海域，這兩艘海監船將「視情況開展維權行動，宣示主權」。
釣魚島主權爭端，據了解，是在島嶼周圍發現有豐富的石油和天然氣之後。
時事評論家文昭：「釣魚島的價值，它與自然資源有關，同時它也有軍事戰略的價值，如果中日按照中間線原則，來彼此劃分領海和經濟水域，那本身日本的海權，就會向中國東海一側延伸，那麼對中國大陸來講，他會是感到戰略上的威脅，這是一種客觀存在的。」
根據國際法「先佔」原則來看，佔領一塊無主土地必須合乎五項步驟，就是：領有的企圖，無主地的確認，佔領的宣告，佔領的行動，實效管轄，這五項俱全才能成立。
中國大陸和台灣方面都認爲，中國在明朝不僅最早發現釣魚島，而且從歷史記載中，也證實了當時的中國已實施有效主權支配，因此中方對釣魚島群島早已擁有無可辨駁的主權。
文昭：「實際上在中日甲午戰爭之前，日本就已經把這個釣魚島劃入自己的管轄了，這是一個歷史歸屬的爭議，歷史歸屬爭議，中日馬關條約是一個很重要的雙方爭論的焦點，如果釣魚島是算在中日馬關條約裏邊的，劃給日本的，那麼二戰時候，日本戰敗以後，馬關條約被廢除了，那麼釣魚島也應該跟隨台灣一起回歸中華民國。」
不過，二戰之後的相當長時間，大陸和台灣兩岸政府所繪製和發佈的官方地圖，沒有包括釣魚島。而且，1953到1958年，中共喉舌《人民日報》發表一系列社論和文章，也指明「琉球群島包括尖閣諸島」﹔承認「這些島嶼在過去任何國際協定中均未曾被規定脫離日本」。
1972年，美國將包括尖閣諸島（就是釣魚島）在內的琉球群島交還給日本，中共方面沒有提出異議。
文昭：「從二戰以後特別是70年代，美國相當是默認了，日本對釣魚島的主權，因為他把整個沖繩群島加上釣魚島一起移交給日本，日本是實現事實佔領，一直到今天。」
不僅如此，同年，中日展開邦交正常化談判，中共總理周恩來明確表示：「釣魚島的問題沒有必要涉及，它與恢復邦交相比算不了甚麼問題。」而且鄧小平時代，中共急於獲得日本經援，對釣魚島，鄧小平親自提出「擱置爭端，留給後人。」
9月10號，中共政府外交部宣佈釣魚島及附屬島嶼的領海基線，對於日本政府宣佈「購買」釣魚島及附屬的南小島和北小島，中共表示堅決反對和強烈抗議。
《中國事務》雜誌總編輯伍凡認為，釣魚島問題如果鬧大，中共十八大就很難如期召開。
《中國事務》總編輯伍凡：「中國現在是它為了十八大，為了國內的政治、經濟搞的頭非常大，不希望外界有任何事情還干擾它們，所以日本人看準了這個時候，他就用這個題目來挑戰你（中共），表面上再為難，他(中共)不得不講話，因為批判他（中共）賣國賊的人太多了。」
網民也利用中共的外交問題，表達他們對內政的不滿和憤怒。
伍凡：「中共在50年代、60年代，一直到70年代，都不提這個釣魚島，只有台灣人在提，根本一開始你（中共）就不把它當作自己的領土，現在才開始講話了，如果中共只是口頭上講講，而不特別行動的話，那老百姓會反對得非常厲害，你這個賣國賊，一代一代都在賣。」
未來釣魚臺的命運如何？我們將持續關注。
採訪/陳漢 編輯/黃億美 後製/郭敬
Beijing regime: Sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands Must Be Declared.
The territorial dispute over the Diaoyu Islands (Senkaku
Islands) recently escalated between China and Japan.
Ribenxinwen.com reported
on September 11 that
Japan’s government officially reached a deal to buy
the Diaoyu Islands from the “land owner”, Kurihara family.
The purchase price was allegedly 2.05 billion yen.
Reportedly, the transaction was completed in the morning.
Japan announced the replacement of
its ambassador to China.
Meanwhile, Xinhua News Agency, official media of
the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reported that
China’s two ocean surveillance ships have arrived
in the peripheral waters of the Diaoyu Islands.
The ships will “depend on the situation to stage rights-defense activities
and to declare sovereignty claims."
The sovereignty dispute over the Diaoyu Islands reportedly
unfolded after the finding of rich oil and gas deposits in its surrounding waters.
Critic Wen Zhao: “The Diaoyu Islands’ value lies in
the rights to natural resources. It also has strategic value.
In dividing the Sea along the median line principle,
Japan’s sea power will extend to the East China Sea.
So China’s authorities feel a strategic threat,
which in reality does exist.”
Based on the “preemptive occupation" principle of
international law, Sovereignty claims over uninhabited land shall meet the following five criteria:
1. attempt to occupy; 2. affirmation of un-inhabitation;
3. declaration of occupation; 4. action of occupation; 5. execution of jurisdiction.
Both mainland China and Taiwan indicated that China was
the first to discover the Diaoyu Islands in the Ming dynasty.
Historical records show that China’s then ruler
implemented effective jurisdiction over those islands.
All these facts prove that China has indisputably owned
sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands since long ago
Wen Zhao: “In fact before the First Sino-Japanese War,
Japan claimed sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands.
The issue is an historical controversy. An important argument
focus between both sides is the Treaty of Maguan.
If the Diaoyu Islands were ceded to Japan
under the Treaty of Maguan,
then after the defeat of Japan in World War II,
the treaty was annulled.
Accordingly, the Diaoyu Islands should be returned,
along with Taiwan, to the Republic of China.”
However, during a very long time after World War II,
the official maps of both mainland and Taiwan regimes
have not included the Diaoyu Islands.
In the period of 1953-1958, the CCP official media
People’s Daily published a series of editorials and articles.
In these articles, the CCP regime indicated that
“the Ryukyu Islands include the Senkaku Islands”.
It openly acknowledged that “these islands have never been
stated to be independent of Japan in any previous international agreement.”
In 1972, the U.S. returned its administrative power of
the Ryukyu Islands including the Senkaku Islands to Japan.
The CCP regime did not raise objections.
Wen Zhao: “After World War II, especially after the1970s,
the U.S. has tacitly approved Japan’s sovereignty claim over the Diaoyu Islands.
This is because the U.S. returned to Japan the entire
Okinawa Islands including the Diaoyu Islands.
Japan has realized de facto occupation until today."
Mainland China and Japan began negotiating normalization
of diplomatic relations in 1972.
The then CCP Premier Zhou Enlai clearly stated,
“There’s no need to touch the Diaoyu Islands issue. It is nothing compared to the need for rapprochement."
In the era of the reign of Deng Xiaoping,
the CCP was eager to get Japanese economic aid.
On the issue of the Diaoyu Islands, Deng Xiaoping instructed
to “shelve disputes, leaving them to later generations."
On September 10, the CCP Foreign Affairs Ministry declared
territorial baseline of the Diaoyu Islands and its affiliated isles.
It advocated “resolute opposition and strong protests” over
the Japanese government’s “purchase” of the Diaoyu Islands.
Wu Fan, chief editor of China Affairs, comments that
the Diaoyu Islands dispute may affect the CCP’s schedule
for the holding of its 18th Congress.
Wu Fan: “The CCP regime is now mired in a fluster to
assure the opening of its 18th Congress and the stability of domestic politics and the economy.
It doesn’t want to be affected by the outside world. So
that’s why the Japanese targeted the Congress to challenge it.
Outwardly, the CCP had to respond to the issue,
as it has been severely criticized and called a traitor."
By commenting on this diplomatic issue,
Chinese netizens vent their anger over the CCP’s rule.
Wu Fan: “During the 1950s and 1970s, the CCP never
claimed sovereignty over the Diaoyu Islands.
Only the Taiwanese were crying out over the issue.
That is, from the very beginning,
the CCP didn’t regard the Islands as China’s territory.
Not until now did it begin to claim sovereignty.
If the CCP only gives lip service without taking any real action,
that will trigger a stronger public reaction.”
What is the future fate of the Diaoyutai Islands?
We will continue to monitor this situation.
